Henry VIII - Economic Developments Under Henry VIII

Question 1

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Answer 1

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Question 2

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Question 3

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Question 4

What happened to the volume of English Trade in the first half of the 16th century?

Answer 4

It increased (with occasional downturns)

Question 5

What industries saw a continuous rise?

Answer 5

Cloth exports, exports of hides and tin

Question 6

What market declined?

Answer 6

Raw wool

Question 7

Which export almost doubled in Henry’s reign?

Answer 7

Woollen cloth

Question 8

What does the increased import of wine suggest?

Answer 8

That the spending power of the more prosperous classes increased

Question 9

What was the leading route for exports from England?

Answer 9

From London to Antwerp, from which it was often sent to customers in Central Europe and the Baltic

Question 10

Where was exported cloth often travelling through and what problems did this cause?

Answer 10

An increasing proportion of cloth was travelling through London. This had a negative effect on other ports, particularly Bristol, and some other east coast ports such as Hull or Boston and traders found it hard to compete with their London rivals

Question 11

Where else enjoyed a boom in trading?

Answer 11

Southampton, especially with trade with Venice

Question 12

What was the biggest change in the cloth industry?

Answer 12

The increase in cheaper fabrics such as kersey

Question 13

What was kersey?

Answer 13

A coarse woollen cloth which was lighter than the traditional English broadcloth and which took its name from the village of Kersey in Suffolk. Its lightness broadened its appeal

Question 14

What percentage of cloth exports were transported by English merchants?

Answer 14

about 70% from the 1550s

Question 15

How did the woollen industry operate?

Answer 15

largely on a domestic basis, with children carding the wool, women spinning and men weaving it. This was then sent for specialist treatment such as fulling or dyeing which appeared in specialist units around the country

Question 16

Which areas saw the greatest growth in the cloth industry?

Answer 16

• West Riding of Yorkshire - East Anglia (especially south Suffolk) - Parts of the West Country (especially Gloucestershire, Wiltshire and Devon)

Question 17

Which people were able to make great profit in the cloth industry?

Answer 17

• Rich and entrepreneurial clothiers - They were not only able to acquire huge wealth, but they also were able to enhance their social status

Question 18

Who is a good example of someone who was able to enhance their lives with the cloth industry?

Answer 18

• William Stumpe - He became MP for Malmesbury, high sheriff for the county, wealthy landowner and beneficiary from the dissolution of the monasteries

Question 19

What industry did see some growth?

Answer 19

The mining industry

Question 20

Which tin remained a prize export?

Answer 20

Cornish Tin

Question 21

Where was lead mining growing in importance?

Answer 21

• Northeast of England - Newcastle supplied an increasing amount to the trades of London

Question 22

How many blast furnaces were there by the middle of the century?

Answer 22

• 26 - these produced an increasing amount of iron ore in Kent and West Sussex

Question 23

What was Henry VIII fairly uninterested in compared to his father?

Answer 23

Exploration

Question 24

What was Robert Thorne involved in at this time?

Answer 24

An Iceland and Newfoundland fishery

Question 25

Who was Sebastian Cabot and where did he remain for the majority of Henry's reign?

Answer 25

- An Explorer - He remained in Spain until the corination of Edward VI

Question 26

What did John Guy argue about economics in this period?

Answer 26

'England was economically healthier, more expansive and more optimistic under the Tudors than at any time since the Roman occupation'

Question 27

What points can be made to support Guy's view?

Answer 27

- Population grew significantly - From 1520s, agricultural prices rose significantly - Debasement cause a momentary boom

Question 28

What points can be made against Guy's views?

Answer 28

- Bad harvests led to higher food prices, causing problems for more urban workers - Real wages declined - Assessments indicated a high level of urban poverty - There is evidence of growing unemployment in rural labour - People were made homeless because of engrossing

Question 29

What is engrossing?

Answer 29

The joining together of two or more farms to make a single agricultural unit; It could be seen as improving efficiency and output at the cost of rendering families homeless

Question 30

What was debasement?

Answer 30

The reduction in the silver content of coins (replaced with base metals). As a result of this, shopkeepers put up their prices, which resulted in an increase in the rate of inflation

Question 31

What document highlighted the impact of enclosure?

Answer 31

Thomas More's 'Utopia'

Question 32

What did Wolsey do in response to enclosure?

Answer 32

He launched an inquiry into enclosure and found 188 defendants who had enclosed illegally

Question 33

Where was enclosure most commonly found?

Answer 33

In the Midlands

Question 34

What was the main underlying cause of economic distress?

Answer 34

The increase in the population, as it put a considerable strain on food

Question 35

What was their a plentiful supply of at this time?

Answer 35

Cheap labour

Question 36

Who benefited from the population increase?

Answer 36

Landowners and wealthier Farmers

Question 37

What did John Guy argue about agricultural improvement?

Answer 37

'Agricultural improvement promoted economic growth at the cost of of peasant distress; increased production generated prosperity for landlords and impoverishment for wage-earners'

Question 38

What did society become in this time?

Answer 38

More polarised, which undermined traditional ideas of good lordship and social responsibility

Question 39

What happened as a result of this change of society?

Answer 39

'the rich became richer and the poor became poorer'