henry viii - key events Flashcards
(42 cards)
early aims (3)
- glory in war
- re-establish role of nobility
- marriage (to establish his status amongst European monarchs)
legacy from his father (3)
- solvent crown (£300,000)
- unpopular methods to raise finance e.g. bonds
- peaceful foreign policy
characteristics of HVIII
- enjoyed leisurely activities e.g. sports like jousting
- arrogant
why did Henry wish to re-establish nobility?
he had grown up alongside them (as the spare) so shared tastes with them and was close with them
who was Henry’s inspiration for glory in war?
Henry V
what was Henry’s foreign policy like? (3)
- inconsistent (he ran out of money from waging wars)
- repetitive pursuit of glory
- obsession with securing succession and having a male heir
what was Henry’s approach to government? (3)
- disliked business of government
- had a hands-off approach
- happy to let others do mundane work for him
what were 2 functions of parliament?
- granting extraordinary revenue
- passing laws
how did Wolsey view parliament?
disliked it and believed it was a place for him to be criticised so parliament was only called once (1523) during his period of dominance
what was Cromwell’s view of parliament?
helpful - exploited its legislative abilities to enforce his ‘revolution in government’
why was there conflict between Henry and his father’s councillors at the start of his reign?
councillor’s wanted to maintain HVII’s peaceful foreign policy and disagreed with HVIII’s pursuit for glory in war
why did conciliar government at the start of Henry’s reign (1509-1514) end? (3)
- Henry disliked his father’s senior councillors for their reluctance in supporting his war with France
- Wolsey rose in influence and Henry used him as chief minister
- Henry surrounded himself with younger, like-minded courtiers
what were Wolsey’s main focuses? (5)
- management of Church
- conduct of foreign policy
- legal system
- domestic policy
- political decision-making
what was the Privy Chamber?
small group of Henry’s closest subjects (minions)
what was Wolsey’s view on Privy Chamber?
disliked it because it lay outside his immediate control and included ‘minions’ that distrusted/opposed Wolsey
what did Wolsey do to Privy Chamber?
in 1519, managed to secure removal of minions replacing them with his own supporters but most managed to recover their positions
what was the court of chancery?
- used to uphold fair justice
- dealt with problems of enclosure and land left in wills
what was the problem regarding the court of chancery?
became so popular that it was clogged up with cases and justice got slower
what was the court of star chamber?
- was to increase cheap and fair justice
- Wolsey heard cases if alleged misconduct by people who were dominant in their localities meaning JPs were scared to prosecute
- used for private lawsuits
what was the problem with the court of star chamber?
became too successful forcing Wolsey to set up series of ‘overflow tribunals’ to deal with pressures
what was the ‘Tudor subsidy?
Wolsey changed how subsidies were collected by setting up national committee, which he headed), to assess taxpayers’ wealth rather than local commissioners, who could be biased
what was the impact of the ‘Tudor subsidy’?
wealth assessments were more realistic and so as was nation’s revenue base; more efficient and accurate
what were the Eltham Ordinances?
in 1526, introduced to reduce royal household expenditure
what was the impact of the Eltham Ordinances?
reduction of Gentlemen of the Privy Council (Wolsey’s rivals)
