Henry VIII religion

Question 1

Who was the most significant humanist voice in English education

Answer 1

John Colet

Question 2

What did John Colet do in education

Answer 2

Refoundation of St Paul’s school London
appointed the schools governors members from a city guild rather than choosing clergymen
the schools statutes laid down a curriculum including works by Erasmus and teaching methods derived from humanist principles

Question 3

What did schools such as St Pauls and Magdalen college school Oxford do

Answer 3

firmly adopted Platonist educational principles
influenced the foundation of other colleges e.g. Corpus Christi and Cardinal at oxford

Question 4

What did Wolsey do for humanist education

Answer 4

founded his college (Cardinal college Oxford) and a school in Ipswich on humanist principles
Endowed a professorship in Greek at Oxford

Question 5

Why did renaissance ideas influence culture more

Answer 5

knowledge of classical learning increased amongst the elite groups in society
more schools were influenced by humanist approaches to education
Henry saw himself as a promoter of new ideas and humanism
the crown needed well-educated diplomats who could communicate with their counterparts in other countries elegantly

Question 6

Example of renaissance influence on visual culture

Answer 6

Henry commissioned Italian sculptor Pietro Torrigiano to produce tombs of his parents and grandmother in the renaissance style

Question 7

did renaissance influences predominate during Henry’s reign

Answer 7

No
Gothic remained the predominant cultural form

Question 8

what was more prominent than portraits and what was their influence

Answer 8

tapestries
Flemish origin
displayed medieval culture

Question 9

what corruptions were associated with the church

Answer 9

pluralism - receiving the profits of more than one post
simony - the purchase of church office
non-residence - receiving the profits of a post but not being present to perform the duties associated with it

Question 10

what is anticlericalism

Answer 10

opposition to the political and social importance of the clergy
often seen as a weakness of the church

Question 11

example of clerical misconduct

Answer 11

murder of Richard Hunne 1514
London merchant found dead in his cell in the bishop of London’s prison
Claimed he hung himself
clear it was murder - most likely torture gone wrong
damaged the reputation of the church in the short term

Question 12

How did Wolsey fund the establishment of Cardinal college

Answer 12

dissolution of around 20 religious houses in the 1520s

Question 13

what was a criticism of the monasteries

Answer 13

the larger monasteries had become in effect substantial businesses with huge resources in terms of land and buildings

Question 14

Who was the prominent protestant in the reformation

Answer 14

Archbishop Cranmer

Question 15

When was the act of supremacy and what did it do

Answer 15

1534
Confirmed that the king was the supreme head of the church of England

Question 16

When was Cromwell appointed Vicegerent in spirituals and what did this do

Answer 16

1534
Cromwell was second only to the king and so outranked archbishops and bishops - Cromwell had a lot of power over the church

Question 17

How was the church’s administration attempted to be improved

Answer 17

6 new dioceses were created

Question 18

What was Valor Ecclesiasticus and when was it

Answer 18

1535
began the process of dissolution
survey set up by Cromwell to get an accurate indication of the resources which were available for the Crown to exploit

Question 19

what were the visitations to the monasteries

Answer 19

4 “visitors” sent around the country to inspect all monastic institutions
very critical of the monasteries
used to justify the dissolution

Question 20

When were the smaller monasteries dissolved and how

Answer 20

1536 act of parliament meant monasteries with income of under £200 a year were dissolved

Question 21

When were the remaining religious houses dissolved and how

Answer 21

1539 act dissolving the remaining monasteries passed
by march 1540 all of the remaining religious houses had been dissolved

Question 22

When were the first set of royal injunctions and what did they do

Answer 22

1536
encourage more moral conduct
placed a restriction on the number of holy days to be observed
discourage pilgrimages

Question 23

When were the second set of royal injunctions and what did they do

Answer 23

1538
pilgrimages and veneration of relics and images condemned
Clergy who had upheld the virtues of pilgrimages, relics and images were required to publicly recant
required each parish church to acquire an English bible

Question 24

when was the Act for the advancement of true religion and what did it do

Answer 24

1543
restricted the public reading of the bible to upper class males

Question 25

Why did Henry pass the act for the advancement of true religion

Answer 25

Henry feared the English bible would allow the wrong people to read the wrong parts of the bible

Question 26

Was the English bible popular

Answer 26

in practice very few people actually were able to the read the bible and the majority of religious messages came from visual images

Question 27

When was the ten articles and what did it do

Answer 27

1536 only eucharist penance and baptism were necessary to salvation confession praised praying to saints for remissions of sins rejected had both lutheran and catholic influences

Question 28

When was the bishops book and what did it do

Answer 28

1537 restored the four sacraments omitted from the ten articles but gave them a lower status

Question 29

when was the six articles act and what did it do

Answer 29

1539 reasserted catholic doctrine denial of transubstantiation was deemed heretical

Question 30

How was the church similar to the beginning of Henry's reign

Answer 30

The hierarchy of the church remained in tact little attempt to alter the interior of the church services remained in traditional form services still held in Latin and music still played an important role in cathedrals and colleges

Question 31

How had the jurisdiction of the church changed

Answer 31

The pope no longer had jurisdiction The king was a much more visible authority figure over the church than the pope

Question 32

How had the monasteries changed

Answer 32

monasteries had been dissolved many monastic buildings were in ruins and through dissolution a massive amount of resources had been transferred from the church to the crown

Question 33

How had parish churches changed

Answer 33

required to possess English bibles