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OCR History: The Early Tudors 1485-1558 > Henry VIII & Wolsey > Flashcards

Henry VIII & Wolsey Flashcards

1
Q

When did HVIII become King?

Did he have an advisor?

A

1509

Had no advisor, only the Privy Council

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2
Q

What were the first 3 actions he took?

A

1) Executed Empson & Dudley - scapegoats for Henry VII strict policies
2) Married Catherin of Aragon - strengthened dynasty
3) Appointed Wolsey

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3
Q

Why did Wolsey rise to power? Give 5 reasons.

A

1) Well-Educated
2) Reliable, trustworthy, organised
3) Flattery - told HVIII what he wanted to hear
4) Good work ethic
5) Manipulation

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4
Q

When did Wolsey become Chief Minister and Lord Chancellor?

A

1515

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5
Q

What were HVIII Foreign Policy Aims? (5)

A

1) Honour and Glory - Warrior King
2) Secure the French Crown
3) Maintain trade links
4) Secure the Dynasty
5) Collect Pension from the French

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6
Q

What were Wolsey’s Foreign Policy Aims? (5)

A

1) Preserve the balance of power in Europe
2) Have links with the Papacy
3) Humanistic Peace
4) Serve the King
5) Avoid Parliament

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7
Q

When was the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

A

1520

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8
Q

What happened in the Field of the Cloth of Gold?

A

Ardes Meeting - A show of power between Henry and Francis (France)
Built temp palaces, displayed their wealth

HVIII image was enhanced but lots of money was spent for a little cause

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9
Q

What was the Habsburg-Valois Conflict?

A

1514 - Wolsey negotiated a marriage between LouisXII & Mary, gained £100K but failed b/c Louis died.
1519 - Charles became HRE, conflict between him an Francis begun b/c of Italian Wars
Charles called of ToL b/c Francis broke terms

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10
Q

What came out of the Habsburg-Valois Conflict?

A

Anglo-Imperial Alliance through the Treaty of Bruges

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11
Q

What was the Anglo-Imperial Alliance and when was it?

A

1521

Eng will invade FR unless they make peace with Charles

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12
Q

When was the Treaty of London?

LoT

A

1518

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13
Q

What was the ToL?

A

Non-aggression pact stating peaceful co-operation
signed by Eng, FR, Spain, HRE, Netherlands, Burgundy, Papacy
If 1 country breaks it then war

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14
Q

When was the 1st War with France?

A

1512-1514

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15
Q

What happened in the 1st War w/France?

A

1512 - Eng allied w/ Spain against FR

1513 - Defeated FR, captured Therouanne and Tournai

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16
Q

What was the outcome of the 1st war w/ France?

A

Wolsey Impressed Henry with his role as Quater Master General.
Wolsey becomes Bishop of Tournai
HVIII recognised as Warrior King

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17
Q

When was the 2nd War w/ France?

A

1523

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18
Q

What happened in the 2nd War w/ France?

A
  • Eng army sent to FR, W wanted to withdraw b/c of expenses
  • W’s betray led to Charles winning against FR at the Battle of Pavia (1525)
  • H asked Charles to divide FR between them & he would be French King - FAILED
  • C releases Francis (thought he could control him), he started fresh attacks.
  • League of Cognac created
19
Q

What was the Court of Chancery?

W’s Legal Reform

A

Upheld ‘fair’ justice in common & civil law

Dealt w/ wills, contracts and property

20
Q

What was Wolsey willing to do in the Court of Chancery?

A

To punish the nobility for breaches of the law against maintenance

21
Q

In the Court of Chancery, what did Wolsey do if he felt the cases were unfair?

A

He transferred them to his court for a fairer trail

22
Q

When did Wolsey extend the use of the Star Chamber?

A

1516

23
Q

What was the Star Chamber?

W’s Legal Reform

A
  • It was the Centre of gov & justice
  • Heard cases of misconduct by people who were dominant in localities
  • It encouraged private lawsuits
24
Q

What was the outcome of the Star Chamber?

A
  • cases increased from 12 to 120
  • had to create Overflow Tribunals b/c of the amt of cases
  • Nobility were alienated
25
Q

When were the Eltham Ordinances?

W’s Finacial Reform

A

1526

26
Q

What did the Eltham Ordinances do?

A

Reformed the finances of the Privy Chamber

Limited the influence of the Privy Chamber - reduced amount

27
Q

Who did Wolsey remove b/c of the Eltham Ordinances?

A

The Groom of the Stool

28
Q

When was the Act of Resumption?

A

1515

29
Q

What did the Act of Resumption do?

A

Restored crown lands that were lost in the Wars of the Roses

30
Q

When was the Amicable Grant?

A

1525

31
Q

What did the Amicable Grant do?

A

Raise money for the 2nd War with France through tax

32
Q

Why did the Amicable Grant fail?

A

Wasnt passed through parliament - W scared of nobility

Cause disputes

33
Q

When was the Tudor Subsidy introduced?

A

1523

34
Q

What was the Tudor Subsidy?

A

Realistic Assessment of the nation’s wealth

Taxes were now based on income, not wealth

35
Q

Did the Tudor Subsidy raise enough money to pay for the war w/ FR?

A

No, but did raise £322,000

36
Q

What was Wolsey considered to be in terms of Church Roles?

A

Plurist

Absenteist

37
Q

How many religious houses did Wolsey visit in 1519?

A

60

*visited some cathedral chapters too

38
Q

How many schools did Wolsey build and where?

A

Built 1 School in Ipswitch which was his home town (selfish)

39
Q

How many GRAMMER schools did Wolsey form and where?

A

1

It was in Oxford - where he studied

40
Q

What did Wolsey use his powers as legate to do?

A 
Used them for financial reward
Kept stipends (bishop payments)
41
Q

What did Wolsey commission in 1517?

A

Commissioned a major enquiry into enclosure

It didn’t achieve much

42
Q

Why did Wolsey fall?

A
  • Boleyn Faction put pressure on W to get an annulment
  • Failed to negotiate an annulment with Pope Clements for Henry, even though he had the case moved to Eng
  • Began to blackmail and bribe the Pope
  • Henry found out and was ashamed - removed him from power (with encouragement from the Boleyn Faction) and accused him of praemunire
43
Q

When was Wolsey arrested?

A

November 1530

OCR History: The Early Tudors 1485-1558 (7 decks)

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