HEPA 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
These enzymes are released into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged
Serum aminotransferases
What does elevated AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) indicate?
liver damage but are not specific to the liver
What does elevated ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) indicate?
liver injury
What do elevated levels of GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase) and GGTP (Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase) suggest?
often elevated in liver and bile duct diseases, especially those involving cholestasis.
What does elevated LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) indicate?
liver damage, but it’s not specific.
What does low albumin levels suggest?
chronic liver disease or malnutrition.
A group of proteins involved in immunity; levels can be affected by various conditions, including liver disease.
globulins
What does prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) indicate?
Prolonged PT can indicate liver dysfunction.
What does total bilirubin measure?
Measures the total amount of bilirubin in the blood.
What does direct bilirubin measure?
Measures the water-soluble form of bilirubin.
How is indirect bilirubin calculated?
Calculated by subtracting direct bilirubin from total bilirubin.
What does the presence of urine bilirubin indicate?
Its presence indicates a potential problem with bilirubin processing or excretion.
What does increased urine urobilinogen levels suggest?
Levels can be increased in liver disease or when there’s increased red blood cell destruction.
What do decreased levels of clotting factors suggest?
Decreased levels suggest impaired liver function.
What does elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicate?
Elevated in bile duct obstruction and some liver diseases.
What do elevated serum ammonia levels indicate?
Elevated levels indicate the liver’s inability to convert ammonia to urea, often seen in severe liver dysfunction.
What can abnormal lipid levels indicate?
Abnormal lipid levels can be associated with fatty liver disease.
What is important to consider when interpreting LFT patterns?
LFT patterns help determine the type and severity of liver disease.
What should LFTs be interpreted in the context of?
LFTs should be interpreted in the context of a patient’s medical history, physical examination, and other diagnostic tests.
Do normal LFTs rule out all liver problems?
Normal LFTs do not rule out all liver problems.
What should you do if you have concerns about your liver health?
It’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and management.
