Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

!Equine Medicine And Surgery > Hepatic Dz > Flashcards

Hepatic Dz Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

General CS of Hepatic Dz

A

Depression, anorexia, WL, Icterus, ataxia
+/- hepatic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diagnostic tests for hepatic dz

A

Hx, CS, Chem, UA, Fecal (parasites), fibrinogen (MDB)
Enzymatic (detect dz): GGT, ALP, GLDH, AST, SDH
Function tests: BR, BA, globulin, glucose, BUN, triglycerides, albumin
Hepatic US and bx (histopathology)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tx therapy goals for Hepatic Dz (general)

A

Remove cause and tx dz (prevent more absorption)
Prevent ammonia production and absorption (gut)
Diet (↓ protein and ↑ carbs)
Supportive therapy (IV, analgesics, abx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Plant species associated with pyrrolizdine toxicity (PA)

A

Ragwort, buttereeed, groundsel, rattlebox,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do horses obtain PA toxicity?

A

Consumed when it’s only green forage available or in baled hay (unpalatable when fresh)
CS 14d after ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CS of PA toxicity

A

Chronic progressive
Liver failure signs, WL, behavior, aimless wandering and pacing
Licking inanimate objects, blindness
Convulsions & coma then death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pyrrolizidine Toxicity (PA) pathology

A

GIT absorption → detox in the liver → pyrroles → bind to protein and nucleic acid within hepatocytes →cross linked DNA → megalocytosis →die and replaced by fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dx PA

A

MBD: ↑ liver enzymes and BA
Bx (confirming)
Chemistries + CBC: BA, SDH, triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Results of bx of a horse with ACUTE PA toxicity

A

Acute: periportal changes, moderate to severe centrilobular necrosis with hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Results of bx of a horse with CHRONIC PA toxicity

A

Hepatocellular death in portal areas
Megalocytosis, fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx of PA toxicity

A

Remove source, prevent further absorption
IV fluids, NSAIDs
Stabilize membranes (antioxidants, Vit E)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Modified diet of a horse with PA toxicity

A

Low amounts of high-quality protein
Large amounts of complex CHO (no grain, grass only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other hepatic toxins

A

Phenylbutazone, flunixin, acetaminophen, salicylates and antifungals
@ high doses for long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parsacaris equorum (parasite)

A

Horses <2y (adults immune)
Burrows in SI → migrate through veins to liver, heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CS of P. equorum

A

Young, dull dry hair coat, slow growth, +/- cough, nasal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dx P. equorum

A

Hx, signalment and fecal (>400 eggs found)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tx of P. equorum

A

slow kill anthelmintics (fenbendazole)
Vitamin/ mineral
Fluids, NSAIDs, analgesics PRN
If colic: sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Verminous hepatitis

A

Larval migration through hepatic parenchyma
Tx: NSAIDs (dead worms in body) and DMSO (10%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Large strongyles

A

S. edentatus (liver and peritoneum)
S equinus (liver)
S. vulgaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CS of large strongyles infestation

A

Poor performance, dull/ rough hair coat, diarrhea, WL, recurring colic, pot belly and stunted growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What diseases cause equine hepatitis

A

Acute Hepatic necrosis (Theiler’s/ serum sickness)
Parvovirus and hepacivirus
Tyzzer’s
Cholangiohepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acute Hepatic Necrosis

A

Associated with vaccines and summer/fall
Limited to adult horses
Acute to subacute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CS of acute hepatic necrosis

A

Admin vx 1-3w before
Hepatic failure, anorexic, icteric, head pressing and sudden death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parvo and Equine Hepacivirus

A

Cause acute inflammation or no CS and ↑ liver enzymes for a few weeks
Healthy carriers with no CS = reservoirs for infection
Differentiate via serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Equine Parvovirus Hepatitis (EqPV-H)
Adult horses 4-12w post admin of vx CS: lethargy, anorexia, jaundice, neurologic symptoms (HE)
26
What causes EqPV-H
Vx- infected blood products Insect vector, nasal or fecal shedding
27
Equine Hepacivirus (EqHV)
Subclinical dz in adult horses with transient mild elevated hepatic enzyme Causes chr. hepatitis and liver failure during PI
28
Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
Acute liver failure: severe inflamm. of the biliary tract and parenchyma
29
What causes Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
Duodenitis, intestinal obstruction, cholelithiasis, parasitism and neoplasia
30
CS of Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
Mild, recurrent colic, inappetence, icterus, depression, HE, pyrexia Chr: WL, head pressing and fever
31
Pathophysiology of Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
Asc. bacterial infection via sphincter of Oddi (gram- rods) E. coli, Salmonella, Actinobacter Choleliths Large colon displacement in adult horse and duodenal ulceration in foals
32
Dx Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
MDB + US (swollen/ rounded edges + choleliths) Liver bx: Neutros in portal triads and degenerate parenchyma + purulent exudate in ducts
33
Tx of Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
Decompression PRN (colic) Antimicrobials (4-6w) analgesics and dietary change (bland diet)
34
Prognosis of Cholangiohepatitis and Cholangitis
Good if no fibrosis Guarded if HE, severe periportal or bridging fibrosis
35
Tyzzer's Dz
Acute necrotizing hepatitis (fatal) Foals 7-42d in good flesh, well-nourished +/- sudden death w/o CS (progress rapid)
36
What causes Tyzzer's Dz
Clostridium piliforme- motile, obligate intracytoplasmic gram- spore forming rod In soil
37
Risk facts associated with Tyzzer's Dz
↑ protein and CHO in diet (affects microflora) → pathogenic bacteria overgrowth Stress, immunosuppressive drugs and antibacterials
38
Histopath for Tyzzer's Dz
Foci areas of coagulative necrosis with infiltrate of neutros, macros and lymphos Warthin-Starry or Diesterl's silver stain
39
CS of Tyzzer's Dz
Non-specific: comatose or dead Lethargy, depression, fever and jaundice +/- loss of suckle reflex
40
Necropsy for Tyzzer's Dz
Hepatomegaly (1-5mm) White foci scattered throughout parenchyma Icterus and hemorrhage
41
Tx for Tyzzer's Dz
None, glucose +supportive therapy Guarded to poor (fatal)
42
Hyperlipemia and hepatic lipidosis
Metabolic dz of ponies, AMH, donkeys Periods of negative energy balance and physiologic stress Poor prog with hepatic signs
43
History associated with Hyperlipemia and hepatic lipidosis
Prolonged stress/ WL Obesity and sudden ↓/ change in feed Heavy pregnancy, late or early lactation ↓ quality feed + high energy demand ↑ energy demand + poor quality feed intake/ ↓ feed intake
44
Dx Hyperlipemia and hepatic lipidosis
CBC, chem and fibrinogen BA >30, ↑ liver enzymes and triglycerides > 500 mg/dl Grossly discolored serum/ plasma
45
Necropsy for Hyperlipemia
Liver and kidneys: pale, swollen and friable. Greasy texture
46
Histopath for Hyperlipemia
Fat deposits in the hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium Hepatic sinusoids compressed and anemic
47
Nutritional support for Hyperlipemia
Reverses negative energy balance Promotes endogenous insulin release Inhibits fat mobilization
48
Hyperlipemia resolution
Resolves in 5-10d with tx and diet change May not reverse in ponies and donkeys If doesn't resolve: hepatic fatty infiltration
49
Hepatic lipidosis dx
Obese pony, AMH, or lactating Blood serum/ plasma: opalescent US: rounded edges, compressed ducts and diffuse parenchyma Chem: hepatic dysfunction Histopath: fatty infiltration
50
Necropsy of Hepatic lipidosis
Swollen, pale, friable, cut surface Nutmeg appearance and bulging
51
Tx of hepatic lipidosis
Remove underlying cause IV fluids with electrolytes, dexmeth, dextrose Reduce workload of liver: glucose IV Inhibit fat mobilization form adipose tissue (insulin and glucose)
52
Cholelithiasis
Rare common biliary pathway dz 6-15y with icterus, abdominal pain that gets worse + pyrexia, depression and WL
53
Pathophysiology of Cholelithiasis
Sludging of bile Colic + intestinal inflamm. : bacteria → bile ducts open→ asc. nidus → precipitation of bile
54
Dx Cholelithiasis
MDB US: mult. hyperechoic lesions Bx: fibrosis around intrahepatic bile duct (occlusion of common bile duct)
55
Tx of Cholelithiasis
IV fluids + electros Antimicrobials, lactulose (if high ammonia), DMSO and diet Euthanize if bad!
56
Prognosis of Cholelithiasis
Poor to grave: extensive/ bridging fibrosis, multiple choleliths + hepatic failure and atrophy and HE
57
Which drug is contraindicated with hepatic insufficiency?
Diazepam: enhance effect of GABA and exacerbate HE
58
When do you use HCO3-
Acidosis If corrected to rapidly: ↑ blood ammonia, hypokalemia or alkalosis →↑ renal production of ammonia → ↑ diffusion of ammonia into CNS
59
What should horses avoid in their diet with hepatic dz?
Avoid alfalfa and legume hay
60
Hepaticencephalopathy
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist- induces clinical and electrophysiologic remission of HE in human: flumazenil and bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) Thiamine: reduce risk for neuropathies
61
Abx for hepatic dz
Abx: ceftiofur, penicillin and gentamicin
62
Aslike clover
Big liver syndrome Chr. consumption Irreversible liver dz associated with neurologic symptoms

!Equine Medicine And Surgery (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions