Hepatitis

Question 1

What type of virus is Hepatitis A?

Answer 1

RNA picornavirus

Question 2

How is Hepatitis A spread?

Answer 2

Spread by the faecal oral route of transmission

Question 3

Is Hepatitis A treated?

Answer 3

No, it is self-limiting-resolves in 1-3 months with no treatment

Question 4

What medication can be given for Hepatitis A?

Answer 4

Analgesia

Question 5

What type of vaccine is a Hepatitis A vaccine?

Answer 5

Inactivated

Question 6

Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

In who does hepatitis c cause the most deaths?

Answer 7

IVDU’s

Question 8

How is hepatitis c spread?

Answer 8

Parenteral
Sexual
Vertical transmission

Question 9

What might hepatitis C cause?

Answer 9

Chronic hepatitis and cryoglobulinemia

Question 10

What does Hepatitis C increase the risk of?

Answer 10

Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

Question 11

What is the management for acute hepatitis C?

Answer 11

Analgesia and supportive

Question 12

What is the management of chronic hepatitis C?

Answer 12

Ribavirin

Question 13

What does hepatitis D require to propagate?

Answer 13

Hepatitis B virus

Question 14

What type of virus is RNA?

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

How is Hepatitis E spread?

Answer 15

• Spread by the faecal oral route of transmission

Question 16

In who does hepatitis E have a high mortality rate?

Answer 16

Pregnant women

Question 17

What antibodies would you find in autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 17

ANA/SMA/LKM1 antibodies

Question 18

What would be raised with autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 18

Raised IgG levels

Question 19

What is the management of autoimmune hepatitis?

Answer 19

Steroids and other immunosuppressants

e.g. azathioprine or Liver transplant

Question 20

What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine?

Question 21

How is Hepatitis B spread?

Answer 21

Parenteral, sexual and vertical transmission route

Question 22

Who is Hepatitis B common in?

Answer 22

Intravenous drug users

Question 23

How does Hepatitis B present?

Answer 23

Flu-like prodrome which progresses to Fever, Jaundice and malaise

Question 24

How is Hepatitis B diagnosed?

Answer 24

Serology for Hep b

Question 25

How would you monitor Hepatitis B?

Answer 25

HBV-DNA (direct count of viral load)

Question 26

What is the management for acute Hepatitis B?

Answer 26

Supportive

Question 27

What is the management of chronic hepatitis B?

Answer 27

Pegylated interferon

Question 28

What is a possible complication of Hepatitis B?

Answer 28

Can progress to Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis

Question 29

How is the vaccine for hepatitis B administered?

Answer 29

Three doses then tested for HBsAb

Question 30

What is HBsAg?

Answer 30

Surface antigen

Question 31

What does HBsAg indicate?

Answer 31

Active infection

Question 32

What type of infection is it if HBsAg is present for less than 6 months?

Answer 32

Acute infection

Question 33

What type of infection is it if HBsAg is present for more than 6 months?

Question 34

What is HBsAb (anti-HBs) ?

Answer 34

Surface anti-body

Question 35

What does the surface antibody suggest?

Answer 35

Vaccination, past or current infection

Question 36

When would HBsAb be negative?

Answer 36

In a chronic infection

Question 37

What is HBeAg?

Answer 37

E antigen

Question 38

What does the E antigen indicate?

Answer 38

Marker of viral replication

Question 39

What does a high e antigen suggest?

Answer 39

The more infective they are

Question 40

What is HBcAB?

Answer 40

Core antibodies

Question 41

What do the core antibodies suggest?

Answer 41

Past or current infection

Question 42

What are the 2 types of core antibodies (HBcAB)?

Answer 42

IgM and IgG

Question 43

What do IgM core antibodies indicate?

Answer 43

Acute infection High titre with acute infection Low titre with chronic infection •

Question 44

What do IgG core antibodies indicate?

Answer 44

Past infection where HBsAg is negative

Question 45

What immunisation results would you get with a previous immunisation?

Answer 45

HBsAg negative Anti-HBs positive Anti-HBc negative

Question 46

What immunisation results would you get from an acute infection?

Answer 46

HBsAg positive Anti-HBs negative IgM anti-HBc positive

Question 47

What immunisation results would you get with a chronic infection?

Answer 47

HBsAg positive Anti-HBs negative IgG anti-HBc positive IgM anti-HBc negative

Question 48

What immunisation results would you get from a previous infection but not a carrier?

Answer 48

• Previous infection, not a carrier: HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, IgG anti-HBc positive