Hepatology Flashcards
(25 cards)
Greatest period of communicability for hepatitis A
2 weeks before the onset of jaundice
HCV RNA can be detected…………. After infection, while HCV Ab will appear………… after infection
1-3 weeks
6-12 weeks
HE manifests with
Fetor hepaticus
Asterixis (flapping tremors)
Disturbed sleep rhythm
Disturbed consciousness
Psychiatric changes
Behavior changes
Motor changes
The mechanism of sarcopenia is multifactorial including:
-Alterations in protein turnover
-energy disposal
-hormonal (increased myostatin, decreased anabolic hormones)
- metabolic changes (altered lipid and amino acid metabolism)
-hyperammonemia
Examples of thrombpoietin receptor agonists
Avatrombopag
Lusutrombopag
What is the most common cause of acute liver failure and injury?
Drugs
B-catenin activated adenomas are associated with……
-anabolic steroids use
-glycogen storage disease
-familial adenomatosis polyposis
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF-1a) inactivated adenomas are associated with……….
Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY3)
Inflammatory adenomas are associated with……..
-oral contraceptive use
-obesity
-metabolic syndrome
-high alcohol consumption
What is the second most benign tumor of the liver?
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH) is associated with many diseases as …………..
-systemic diseases like:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Felty syndrome
Polyarteritis nodosa
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic sclerosis
Chron’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Celiac disease
Sarcoidosis
-portal vein thrombosis (myeloproliferative diseases, hypercoagulable states)
-neoplastic infiltration (especially lymphoma)
-PBC
-toxic injury:
Methotrexate
Immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, oxaliplatin, anabolic, steroids, HAART for HIV)
AFP has a high rate of false positives as it may be elevated in …………..
Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Pregnancy
Other germ and non-germline tumors
The results of liver stiffness measurement can overestimate liver fibrosis measurement by TE in case of ………..
Inflammation
Cholestasis
Food ingestion
Exercise
Venous congestion
The MELD score is calculated from ………
INR
Serum creatinine
Serum bilirubin
The addition of serum Na improves it
An increase in the portal blood inflow occurs in …………..
-idiopathic tropical splenomegaly
-AVF
-myeloproliferative disease
-systemic mastocytosis
Drugs that reduce Intrahepatic vadcu resistance (vasodilators)
-isosorbide mononitrate
-nitroglycerine
-prazocin (alpha-1 adrenergic blocker)
Side effects of NSBBs
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Insomnia
Loss of libido
Mushroom poisoning (which cause ALF) is called………….
Amanita phalloides
Vitamin A deficiency effects
-failure of dark adaptation (night blindness)
-xeropthalmia
-follicular hyperkeratosis (hyperkeratotic follicular papules, primarily on the extensor surfaces of the extremities)
Vitamin E deficiency effects
Neuropathy
Possibly hemolysis
In TARE (SIRT: selective internal radiation therapy) there is intra arterial infusion of …………….
Radioisotope yttrium-90 microspheres
Side effects of TKIs
Generally tolerable:
-Hand-foot syndrome (AKA palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia)
-diarrhea
-weight loss
-hypertension
-high incidence of proteinuria occurs with lenvatinib and regorafenib
What is the strongest predictive factor of HE recurrence?
MELD score
………. Are the most common site of bleeding from gastric varices
GOV type 2
