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pharma midterms 2ND SEM > Herbal theraphy > Flashcards

Herbal theraphy Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

(source of digitalis);

A

foxglove

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2
Q

(source of reserpine)

A

snakeroot

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3
Q

(source of aspirin)

A

willow bark

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4
Q

(source of taxol)

A

pacific yew tree

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5
Q

Phytomedicine –

A

medicine derived from plants

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6
Q

HERBAL MONOGRAPHS

Two Primary types

A

Therapeutic monographs

Qualitative monographs

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7
Q

HERBAL MONOGRAPHS

Therapeutic monographs

A

– contained information on use,
dosage, side effects and contraindication

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8
Q

HERBAL MONOGRAPHS

Qualitative monographs

A

have information on areas such as compliance
with compounding guidelines and standard purity

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9
Q
  • a movement towards consistency and comparison.
A

Standardization

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10
Q

Dried herbs

A

fresh herbs that have the moisture removed by sun or heat – can be stored for about 6 months.

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11
Q

Extracts

A

– made by isolating certain components resulting in more reliable dosing. dissolving the herb in a solvent such as alcohol or water is a common way to prepare an extract, which may or may not be standardized.

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12
Q

Fresh herbs

A

may decay after a few days because of enzyme activity, hence they have a short lifespan – drying is a
means of preservation

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13
Q

Oils

A
  • made by soaking dried herb in olive or vegetable oil and then heating for an extended time
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14
Q

Salves

A

semisolid fatty preparations, are made by melting a wax in oil and allowing it to cool and harden. If stored correctly, they last for several months as balms, creams and ointments

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15
Q

Teas

A

made by steeping fresh or dried herbs in boiling water

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16
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Aloe/Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis

 Uses:
 Interactions/ precautions:
Side /Adverse Effects:

A

Uses:
* Internal for constipation;
* Externally to relieve pain; and
* Promote healing of burns, wounds, sunburn, psoriasis

Interactions/ precautions:
* Internal use contraindicated if pregnant, lactating, children <12y
* Consult with HCP before taking if patient have ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, disease, taking cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmics, thiazide diuretics, licorice, or corticosteroids.

Overdose/long term may cause arrhythmias, neuropathies, edemas, albuminuria, hematuria (side effects are rare)

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17
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Black Cohosh

 Uses:
 Interactions/ precautions:
Side /Adverse Effects:

A

a popular supplement used to treat hot flashes; palpitations; and irritability (short term menopausal symptoms). Short term use is recommended. However, it potentiates the effect of insulin, oral hypoglycemics and antihyper- tensive drugs.

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18
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Dong Quai (Angelica Sinensis )

 Uses:
 Interactions/ precautions:
Side /Adverse Effects:
Herb-Drug interaction :
Side effects :

A

Actions : Phytoestrogen activity, Vasodilation, Small muscle relaxation, Decreased IgE antibody production

     Uses: 	 PMS, menopausal 	 	 	     symptoms, cardiovascular 
 	     support
     Interactions/precautions:
   	      Avoid use with prescription 	 	      anticoagulants, history of 	 	      bleeding disorders, 	 	 	 	      pregnancy, if at risk for 		 	      breast cancer

Herb-Drug interaction : additive bleeding effect with anticoagulants, aspirin, NSAIDs
 Side effects : Rash and photosensitivity, fever, bleeding

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19
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Echinacea (purple coneflower)
E. purpura ,E. angustifolia, E. pallida

Actions :
Uses :
Topical :
Investigational use :
 Interactions/ precautions:
Side effects :

Study These Flashcards
A

 Actions : Stimulates immune system; Antibacterial, Anti- viral, antipyretic, anti fungal as topical
 Uses : Prevention and early treatment of colds and flu; recurrent respiratory, ear, and urinary tract infections.
➢ Topical : Canker sores, fungal infections
➢ Investigational use : Stimulate immune system of HIV/AIDS clients

Interactions/ precautions:
* Avoid use with immunosup- pressants such as cortico - steroids (may counteract), persons with chronic systemic disease of immune system (e.g., SLE, HIV, TB, MS); Safety not determined in pregnancy lactation, and in children <2y
 Side effects : Lozenges/ tincture : temporary numbness or tingling of tongue; Cross- sensitivity in client allergic to daisy family, GI upset, diarrhea

20
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Evening Rose (Oenothera biennis)

Actions :
Uses :

 Interactions/ precautions:
Side effects :

Study These Flashcards
A

 Action : Natural estrogen promoter
 Uses : PMS; problems with synthesis of fatty acids; abnormal prostaglandin production; diabetic neuropathies; chronic inflammatory conditions (eczema); overactive immune systems

 Interactions/Precautions : Avoid use if pregnant or lactating; May lower seizure threshold if taken with anticonvulsants; anticonvul- sant dose may need modification or do not use concurrently
 Side/ Adverse Effects : GI upset; nausea; headache; rash; immunosuppression with long term use

21
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Feverfew (tanacetum parthenium; chrysanthemum parthenium)

Actions :
Uses :
 Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :

Study These Flashcards
A

Actions : Interferes with platelet aggregation, inhibits release of serotonin from platelets, blocks proinflammatory mediators, digestive relaxant

     Uses  :  Prevention and long 			term management of 				migraine headaches; 				rheumatoid arthritis; 				menstrual problems; 				allergies

  Interactions /precautions  : 	 	  *   Cross  sensitivity to plants in 	         the  daisy family;  Avoid 			  with pregnancy, lactation, 		  with  prescription   and 			  anticoagulants, and in
	  children <2 yrs; consult 			  HCP before using herb if 	 	         taking prescription NSAIDS
	  (decreases effectiveness); 		  may interfere with SSRI 			  antidepressants 	 	 	 		  (E.g. Prozac)

Side effects : Possible gastric distress of mouth sores if using raw leaves; muscle stiffness; may have rebound headache if discontinued abruptly

21
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Garlic (Allium sativum)

Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
 Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :

Study These Flashcards
A

 Actions : Detoxifies body and increase immune function; decreases platelet; increases HDL and decreases cholesterol and triglycerides, broad antimicrobial activity, mild antihypertensive; hypoglycemia
 Uses : hypercholesterolemia, mild HTN, colds and flu
 Caution : use with anticoa- gulants because of increased fibrinolysis and decrease platelets

 Interactions/ Precautions : Avoid use during pregnancy and lactation (may stimulate labor or cause infant colic) and hypothyroidism; blood pressure may decrease in 30 mins and return to baseline in about 2 hrs.

	 Side effects  :  Heartburn, 			flatulence, gastric irritation, 		decreased RBCs; dizziness, 			diaphoresis
22
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
 Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :

Study These Flashcards
A

 Actions : Stimulates digestion, increases bile and motility; antispasmodic; decreases platelet aggregation; decreases absorption and increases excretion of cholesterol; antioxidant

    Uses  :  Nausea, pregnancy 	 	     morning sickness (short 	 	 	     term, low dose only); motion 	     sickness; gastric protection; 	 	     avoid long-term use with 		     pregnancy, thrombocytopenia 	     abortifacient in large 	 	 	     amounts)

 Caution : With prescription anticoagulants (additive effect) consult with HCP before use; if have with gallstones may increase absorption of all PO medications
 Side effects : May cause gastric discomfort if not taken with food; anorexia

23
Q

COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES

Ginkgo biloba (Gingko folium)

Actions :
Uses :
Caution:
 Interactions /precautions :
Side effects :

Study These Flashcards
A

Actions : Antioxidant; peripheral vasodilatation and increased blood flow to CNS, Reduces platelet aggregation
 Uses : Allergic rhinitis, Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety/ stress, Dementia, Raynaud’s disease, tinnitus, vertigo, impotence, poor circulation, altitude sickness; avoid use in pregnancy, lactation, children, and with MAOIs

Caution : With prescription anticoagulants monitor bleeding and prothrombin times. Extra caution if using ginger, garlic, or feverfew: may increase BP if used with thiazide diuretics DC 2 wks before surgery; ginkgo fruit may result in severe rash; seeds are toxic

 Side effects : Initially, mild transient headache that usually stops in 2 days; mild gastric Distress; toxicity: vomiting diarrhea,
dermatitis, irritability

24
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES Ginseng eleuthera or Siberian (Eleutherococcus, Acanthopanax senticosus) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
Actions : Supports adrenal glands, Enhance energy levels by inhibiting alarm phase SNS response, stimulates RBC production, decreases blood sugar levels, protects from cellular mutation from carcinogens  Uses : Cold and flu prevention, adaptation to stress, chronic fatigue syndrome, SLE, HIV mental fatigue and physical exhaustion, following chemotherapy or radiation treatments, recovery from chronic or long term illness  Interactions/ Precautions : Avoid with BP > 170/90, pregnancy, lactation, children, bipolar or psychic disorders, DM; anticoagulants (may increase or decrease anticoagulants dependent on species); may increase effects of caffeine and HRT, falsely elevate digoxin levels, interact with antipsychotic drugs  Side effects : Hypertension, palpitations, occasional diarrhea, possible insomnia if taken at bedtime; ginseng abuse syndrome: edema, insomnia, hypertonia; may be life threatening
25
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
Actions : Stimulates immune system and bile secretion antipyretic board spectrum antibiotic activity  Uses : For infection of the respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts; mucous membranes, cholecystitis, cirrhosis Interactions /Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation ,children, HPN dosing > 5-7 d of higher doses may increase liver enzymes or malabsorption of B vitamins; may decrease effects of heparin, anticoa- gulants, cardiac glycosides increased effect of anti- arrhythmics; antihyper- tensive, beta-blockers and CNS depressant  Interactions / Precautions : Avoid with BP> 170/90, pregnancy, lactation, children, bipolar or psychic disorders, DM may increase or decrease. Caution : in clients with cardiovascular disease, DM or glaucoma  Side effects : In higher doses may be hepatotoxic . Toxicity : CNS depression, restlessness, seizures , cardiovascular collapse
26
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES Kava (Piper methysticum) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
Actions : CNS sedation without loss of mental acuity or memory  Uses : Anxiety, insomnia, skeletal muscle spasm; good with psychotic disorders, no risk of tolerance  Interactions / Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, parkinsonism, and if taking levodopa; not for young children; avoid alcohol use and if need to be alert or operate machinery; Increases CNS sedating drugs especially benzodia- zepines; fat soluble, so may have delayed effects.  Side effects : high doses may cause loss of balance, pulmonary hypertension; may cause liver toxicity; use > 3 mos may turn skin yellow: discontinue drug, HPN, headache, weakness
27
COMMONLY USED HERBAL licorice Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
 Actions : Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hepato and gastric protective, antidepressant, estrogenic, laxative.  Uses : Viral infection, upper respiratory Infection, inflammation, Addison’s disease, depression, ulcers; topically: herpes, psoriasis, eczema; DCL: IBS, mouth ulcers  Interactions / Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, children, htn, kidney or liver disorders, or if at risk for hypokalemia  Caution with DM; increased testosterone effect with increasing dose and duration; antagonizes antihypertensive meds and spironolactone: potentiates corticostroids and digitalis Side effects : Dose > 500 mg/dl results in aldosterone – like syndrome that reverses when herb discontinued
28
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES . Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
 Actions : Increased regene- ration of liver cells ; increases antioxidant activity  Uses : Liver Disease (hepatitis), cholecystitis, psoriasis  Interactions /Precautions : Avoid use in pregnancy, lactation, in children; herbs does not reverse cirrhotic liver changes but disease may be slowed with increased quality of life  Side effects : Diarrhea first days of therapy, nausea, vomiting, menstrual changes
29
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES . St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
 Uses : Mood swings, mild to moderate depression, anxiety, sleep disorders topically: burns , wounds  Interactions/ Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, prescription anti depressants, MAOIs indinavir, children <2y; may decrease effects of digoxin; monitor serum digoxin levels; interferes with absorption of iron and other minerals  Side effects : Skin photosen- sitivity, headache, occasional GI upset, dry mouth, dizziness ,confusion
30
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES . Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
 Actions : Antispasmodic, increase bile flow, carminative , external analgesic  Uses : IBS ,indigestion, cholecystitis, infant colic, nasal decongestant; topically: musculoskeletal pain, itching, cold  Interactions /Precautions : Consult HCP before taking if cholecystitis or obstructed bile duct; may interfere with iron absorption  Side effects : none known
31
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES .Saw Palmetto (Serenoa Repens, Sabal Serrulata) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
Actions : Decreases size of prostate; increase break down of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin: antiandrogenic; diuretic  Uses : BPH, chronic cystitis sexual potency  Interactions /Precautions : Avoid with pregnancy, lactation, in children, in clients with breast cancer; may interferes with PSA test, discontinue herb 1-2 weeks before test; may increase or decrease effects of anti -inflammatories and immunostimulants; may antagonize hormone therapy  Side effects : Headache, dysuria, back pain; Gastric disturbance (rare )
32
COMMONLY USED HERBAL REMEDIES Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) Actions : Uses : Caution:  Interactions /precautions : Side effects :
Actions: Sedative/hypnotic, antispasmodic, increases deep sleep  Uses: Insomnia, stress head- ache, mild anxiety, muscle cramps and spasm  Interactions /Precautions : Long term use monitor liver function if elevated discontinue herb; Avoid in pregnancy, lactation, children, with prescription sedative / hypnotics, MAOIs anticoagulants; Increased sedative effect with barbiturates, negates effects of phenytoin; Foul smell, no dependence or tolerance  Side effects: Anxiety, headache, occasional GI up set and hang over effects, CNS depression
33
remedies for migraine
ginko, ginger, rosemary, coffee, hyericum, mint
34
aka TAMA
RA 8423 traditional and alternative medicine act of 1997
35
10 herbal medicine approved by the DOH
SANTALUBBY
36
SAMBONG uses prep or note
-anti edeme -diuretic -anti urolithiasis boil chopped leaves in water for 15 min until 1 glassful remains then cool and strain
37
bayabas
washing wounds tootache diahrrhea warm decoction = gargle
37
AKAPULKO uses prep or note
-antifungal -tinea flava -ringworm -athletes foot and scabies fresh matured leaves are pounded apply as a soap
37
niyug niyugan
-anti helminitic (used to expel parasitic worms) -seeds eaten raw 2 hrs before last meal -adult 10 -4-7y/o 4 seeds -8-9 6 seeds - 10-12 7 seeds
37
TSAANG GUBAT
-dhiarrhea -stomach ache -boil chopped leaves
37
Ampalaya
-lower blood sugar -diabetes melitus
38
lagundi
-asthma and cough -fever dysentery colds and pain - skin diseases and wounds -headache -rheumatism, sprain -aromatic bath
38
bawang
hypertension tootache lower cholesterol in blood
38
ulasimang bato
-lowers uric acid
38
Tawa tawa
for Dengue
38
yerba buena
-pain diff parts of body -rehumatism, athritis -cough n cold -swolen gums/tootache -mestrual / gas pain -nausea and fainting -insect bites and pruritus

pharma midterms 2ND SEM (8 decks)

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