Herbivory

Question 1

Herbivory

Answer 1

consumption of plant material by animals

Question 2

herbivore

Answer 2

animal that lives solely on living plant material

Question 3

omnivore

Answer 3

animal that can consume both plants and animals

Question 4

specialist herbivores

Answer 4

Herbivore feeding on one (or a very small number of) plant species

Question 5

Generalist herbivore

Answer 5

Herbivore feeding on many plant species

Question 6

what are the different names for consuming ifferent areas of plants?

Answer 6

• folivores (leaf eaters)
• pollen feeders and florivores (floral eaters)
• seed predators and frugivores
• stem borers
• root herbivores

Question 7

what are the different types of folivores? (leaf eaters)

Answer 7

• Chewers
• Sap-suckers
• Gallers
• Leaf-miners

Question 8

How are individual plants affected by herbivory?

Answer 8

• herbivory typically does not kill the plant
  some exceptions:
• Herbivore outbreaks by certain pest species
• Seed predation
• Herbivory on young seedlings

Question 9

how are plant populations affected by herbivory?

Answer 9

Herbivores have the potential to reduce plant population growth rates

Question 10

How are plant communities affected by herbivory?

Answer 10

• addition of plant species by seeds beign brought in by herbivores
• removal of plant species by overgrazing
• competitive relationships between plants may be altered as herbivores reduce competition between plants

Question 11

how are ecosystems affected by herbivory?

Answer 11

• ## herbivores contribute to redistributing nutrients over large spatial scales

Question 12

How do plants cope with herbivory?

Answer 12

• resistance
• tolerance

Question 13

what is resistance to herbivory?

Answer 13

the ability of plants to prevent herbivory damae

Question 14

what are types of anti-herbivore defenses?

Answer 14

• structural, chemical and biotic
• constitutive and inducible

Question 15

what is tolerance of herbivory?

Answer 15

the ability of plants to mitigate negative effects caused by herbivory

Question 16

what is an example of tolerance to herbivory?

Answer 16

production of new leaves to replace ones that have been consumed, increased photosynthetic rate in undamaged leaves

Question 17

what are different types of structural defenses?

Answer 17

• leaf pubescence
• silica
• spines

Question 18

what are examples of chemical defenses?

Answer 18

• Feeding deterrents versus chemicals acting after ingestion
• A compound that deters some species might attract other species