Predation and competition

Question 1

What are the two different types of predators?

Answer 1

• active
• ambush

Question 2

what are the steps of predation?

Answer 2

1. Detect prey
2. Pursue (if active predator)
3. Capture
4. Handle
5. Consume

Question 3

what are the different types of defense behaviour?

Answer 3

• play dead
• stay still or hide
• alarm calls
• camouflage
• structual defense (puffer fish, armadillo)
• chemical
• mimicry

Question 4

why are defense adaptations sometimes bad?

Answer 4

• Poison can be energetically expensive to produce
• Structural modifications require energy and may impair or affect movement
• Alarm calls can attract unwanted attention

Question 5

what are the top-down effects?

Answer 5

• Direct mortality – predation
• Stress – landscape of fear
• Mesopredator release
• Tri-trophic cascades (plants-herbivores-predators)