Hereditary

Question 1

The study of hereditary. It deals with the structure, function, distribution and variation of genes.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

The process of transmission of traits from one generation to other or from parent to offspring.

Answer 2

Hereditary

Question 3

The physical and functional unit of hereditary.
Heritable (transmissible).

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

A segment of DNA that codes for the production of a specific protein or trait.

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

Located at the specific region of the chromosome.

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

an inherited set of mental and bodily characteristics.

Answer 6

Trait

Question 7

controlled by the genes and environment.

Answer 7

Trait

Question 8

Types of Trait inherited

Answer 8

Physical traits
Behavioral traits

Question 9

the specific location of gene or DNA sequence on a chromosome. A fixed position.

Answer 9

Locus (plural loci)

Question 10

Alternative form or variant of a gene

Answer 10

Allele (gene pair)

Question 11

Each chromosome has a pair genes that located at the same position.
Inherited from father and mother.

Answer 11

Allele (gene pair)

Question 12

the allele pair is similar
“PURE BREED” organism.

Answer 12

Homozygous

Question 13

In a pair of allele, one allele is fully expressed in the phenotype while the other is masked.

Answer 13

Dominant allele

Question 13

the allele pair is different
“HYBRID” organism.

Answer 13

Heterozygous

Question 14

allele is depicted in UPPER CASE letter.

Answer 14

Dominant allele

Question 15

this allele is completely masked or hide in the phenotype.

Answer 15

Recessive gene

Question 16

only expressed in phenotype when inherited homozygous.

Answer 16

Recessive gene

Question 17

depicted in lower case letter

Answer 17

Recessive gene

Question 18

2 alleles are both expressed in the phenotype.

Answer 18

Codominant gene

Question 19

Depicted in both capital letters

Answer 19

Codominant gene

Question 20

example of co-dominant genes in human

Answer 20

ABO blood
HLA tissue type

Question 21

The genetic code of an individual that is heritable.

Answer 21

Genotype

Question 22

Combination of alleles responsible for the physical trait.

Answer 22

Genotype

Question 23

The expression of genotype that is observable

Answer 23

Phenotype

Question 24

Influenced by genotype and environment .

Answer 24

Phenotype

Question 24

The physical trait or appearance of an individual.

Answer 24

Phenotype

Question 25

Austrian scientist an Augustinian friar. Father of Modern Genetics.

Answer 25

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 26

He studied the inheritance of trait on pea plant, thus creating his Law of Inheritance or the “Mendelian Inheritance”

Answer 26

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 27

States that the genes is the basic unit of hereditary specifically located in a chromosome and are transferred from parents to offspring.

Answer 27

Law of Discrete Unit of Characters

Question 28

In a heterozygous gene pair or allele, the one that expressed is dominant and the other that is masked is recessive.

Answer 28

Law of Dominance

Question 29

A gene pair from a parents segregates or separates during gametes formation. Only one gene is received by the sperm or egg cell from the parent cell

Answer 29

Law of Segregation

Question 30

Alleles/Genes for different trait will be passed on to the offspring independently which result to a new combination of traits.

Answer 30

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 31

a diagram that used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.

Answer 31

PUNNETE SQUARE (criss-cross method)

Question 32

It is a summary of every possible combination of maternal and paternal allele for each gene being studied.

Answer 32

PUNNETE SQUARE (criss-cross method)

Question 33

Inheritance patterns that do not follow the Mendel’s law of Inheritance.

Answer 33

Non –mendelian inheritance pattern

Question 34

PUNNETE SQUARE is Named after a British geneticist

Answer 34

Reginald Punnett.

Question 35

5 Non –mendelian inheritance pattern

Answer 35

Incomplete dominance Codominance Pleiotropy Epistasis Polygenic inheritance

Question 36

The phenotype of the heterozygous offspring is somewhere in between the 2 homozygous parents. Mix or blend of 2 alleles.

Answer 36

Incomplete dominance

Question 37

Both allele are equally expressed in the phenotype.

Answer 37

Codominance

Question 38

A single gene expressed a multiple traits.

Answer 38

Pleiotropy

Question 39

A single gene affect several phenotypic characteristics

Answer 39

Pleiotropy

Question 40

example of Pleiotropy

Answer 40

sickle cell disease and phenylketonuria

Question 41

One gene controls the expression of the other different gene.

Answer 41

Epistasis

Question 42

One gene masked or modifies the phenotypic expression of another gene

Answer 42

Epistasis

Question 43

example of Epistasis

Answer 43

red hair color and albinism

Question 44

A trait is controlled not only by a single gene but through multiple interaction of many genes

Answer 44

Polygenic inheritance

Question 45

2 or more genes controlled for one trait of characteristics

Answer 45

Polygenic inheritance

Question 46

example of Polygenic inheritance

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Skin color, hair color, eye color and height.

Question 47

At least 4 genes are involved in melanin production, combination of these genes produced degree of pigmentation.

Answer 47

Polygenic inheritance

Question 48

Can occur in both sexes, and can be transmitted by either parents. Only 1 mutated gene is need to develop or manifest the disease. E. g. Huntington disease and Marfan syndrome.

Answer 48

Autosomal dominant

Question 49

Most common inheritance pattern of genetic disease. Parent is either affected or carrier of the disease. 2 mutated genes are need to manifest the disease. E. g. Cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia

Answer 49

Autosomal recessive

Question 50

Mutation in the X chromosomes of both sexes. Both male and female are affected. Male is more severe than female since male has only one X chromosome. E.g. Rett syndrome, Rickets, Alport syndrome.

Answer 50

X-linked dominant

Question 51

Inheritance pattern is from father- son only.

Answer 51

Y-linked

Question 52

E.g. hypertrichosis- growth of hair on the outside rim of the ear. Webbed toes- webbed-liked condition between 2nd and 3rd toes.

Answer 52

Y-linked

Question 53

E.g. Colorblindness, Hemophilia A, Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Answer 53

X-linked recessive

Question 54

inherited through the female line. Inheritance is from mother to all offspring and subsequently by her daughter. Both sexes are affected but only the daughter can pass the mutation.

Answer 54

Mitochondrial inheritance

Question 55

Diabetes mellitus Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy- eye disorder Neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and ptosis (NARP)-dimentia

Answer 55

Mitochondrial inheritance

Question 56

Caused by several genes. Not consider as genetic disease in nature. Development of the disease are influenced by environmental factors. E.g. malignancies, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, hypertension and heart disease.

Answer 56

Polygenic/multifactorial