Heredity

Question 1

section of DNA

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

different versions of the same gene

Answer 2

alleles

Question 3

2 of the same alleles
EX: AA,aa

Answer 3

homozygous

Question 4

matching chromosomes from mom and dad

Answer 4

homologous chromosomes

Question 5

2 different alleles
EX: Aa

Answer 5

heterozygus

Question 6

If present, allele will always have trait expressed

Answer 6

dominant

Question 7

alleles will only have that trait expressed when the dominant allele is NOT present

Answer 7

recessive

Question 8

the actual alleles you inherit

Answer 8

genotype

Question 9

the physical trait expressed

Answer 9

phenotype

Question 10

a diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes

Answer 10

punnett squares

Question 11

a cross between two organisms looking at one trait

Answer 11

monohybrid cross

Question 12

used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two traits at the same time.

Answer 12

dihybrid cross

Question 13

genes are located on chromosomes and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance

Answer 13

chromosome theory of inheritance

Question 14

artificially breeding organisms with a desired trait

Answer 14

selective breeding

Question 15

when one gene overshadows another

Answer 15

epistasis

Question 16

a person that has the gene for a trait or disease but doesn’t show it

Answer 16

carrier

Question 17

any change in DNA

Answer 17

mutation

Question 18

chemicals that can cause DNA mutations

Answer 18

mutagen

Question 19

pieces of nonhomologous chromosomes exchange segments (during crossing over)

Answer 19

translocation

Question 20

changes the size of chromosomes and results in multiple copies of single gene

Answer 20

duplication

Question 21

chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than two

Answer 21

nondisjunction

Question 22

chart used to trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family to determine whether people carry disease or traits

Answer 22

pedigree

Question 23

any technology used to change the genetic makeup of living things to make products

Answer 23

biotechnology

Question 24

direct manipulation of an organism genome using biotechnology

Answer 24

genetic engineering

Question 25

articially made DNA from two or more different sources

Answer 25

recombinat DNA

Question 26

an organisms complete set of DNA; all of its genes

Answer 26

Genome

Question 27

show the location of genes on a chromosome

Answer 27

gene map

Question 28

used to cut strands of DNA at specific locations

Answer 28

restriction enzymes

Question 29

produces multiple identical of a gene

Answer 29

gene cloneing

Question 29

a technique that allows you to copy a piece of DNA without a cell

Answer 29

polymerase chain reaction

Question 30

a laboratory method that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments based on their molecular sized

Answer 30

gel electrophoresis

Question 31

the process of inserting recombinant DNA into host cells

Answer 31

transformation

Question 32

inserting a normal gene to fix an absent or abnormal gene

Answer 32

gene therapy

Question 33

a gene editing technique that helps us to understand the genetics behind many diseases

Answer 33

CRISPR

Question 34

undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become anything

Answer 34

stem cells

Question 35

producing pharmaceuticals in farm animals or plants

Answer 35

Pharming

Question 36

organisms altered by recombinant DNA technology for desired traits

Answer 36

GMO

Question 37

crossing individuals that are closely related

Answer 37

Inbreeding

Question 38

selective breeding between unrelated organisms

Answer 38

Hybridization

Question 39

some versions of genes are dominant over others

Answer 39

law of dominance

Question 40

chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase therefore it is possible for any combination of chromosomes to be passed on from parent to offspring

Answer 40

law of independent assortment

Question 41

at the end of meiosis, each gamete formed should only have 1 copy from each homologous chromosomes pair

Answer 41

law of segregation