UNIT 4

Question 1

the macro molecule that holds our genetic material

Answer 1

nucleic acid

Question 2

makes up nucleic acids

Answer 2

nucleotide

Question 3

tightly coiled strands of DNA

Answer 3

chromosome

Question 4

a section of the DNA

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

short pieces of RNA to help get the DNA polymerase started

Answer 5

RNA primer

Question 6

short pieces of DNA

Answer 6

okazaki fragments

Question 7

the process of reading the instructions in DNA to make a polypeptide

Answer 7

protein synthesis

Question 8

a chain of amino acids; can bind to others and fold into a protein

Answer 8

polypeptide

Question 9

are nucleotide sequences that CARRYS INFOMATION for protein synthesis

Answer 9

exons

Question 10

what happens in the NUCLEUS; DNA->mRNA; DNA is COPIED into a complementary strand of mRNA

Answer 10

transcripton

Question 11

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and INTERUPTS the sequence of genes.

Answer 11

introns

Question 12

code of instructions for how to make proteins

Answer 12

genetic code

Question 13

set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA

Answer 13

codon

Question 14

COMPLEMENTARY 3 nucleotides to tRNA

Answer 14

anticodon

Question 15

what happens in the RIBOSOMES; mRNA -> polypeptide; interpreting the RNA MESSAGE into a polypeptide to make a protein

Answer 15

translation

Question 16

monomer; the BUILDING BLOCKS for making proteins, held together by peptide bonds

Answer 16

amino acid

Question 16

2 full sets of chromosomes (2n)
2n=46

Answer 16

diploid

Question 17

the study of changes in gene expression that are heritable; very different from mutations

Answer 17

epigenetics

Question 18

1 full set of chromosomes (n)
n=23

Answer 18

haploid

Question 19

a diagram that shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in a cell

Answer 19

karyotype

Question 20

the process of cell division that makes gametes in the gonads

Answer 20

meiosis

Question 21

organisms that reproduce sexually; fuse the genetic information from two parents to produce offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents

Answer 21

sexual reproduction

Question 22

the actual fusion of egg and sperm to form a zygote

Answer 22

fertilization

Question 23

2 IDENTICAL copies of the SAME chromosome

Answer 23

sister chromaTIDS

Question 24

chromosome pairs that have the same types of gene

Answer 24

homologous chromosomes

Question 25

DNA--Transcription-->RNA--Translation--> PROTEIN

Answer 25

central dogma

Question 26

crossing over appears. Nuclear membrane breaks down,

Answer 26

Prophase 1

Question 27

what happens before Meiosis 1

Answer 27

Interphase-> the growth of a cell

Question 28

what is the central Dogma

Answer 28

DNA--Transcription-->RNA--Translation--> PROTEIN

Question 29

separates to replicate

Answer 29

Helicase

Question 30

New strand goes TOWARDS the replication fork; 5'->3' ;needs ONE RNA primer

Answer 30

Leading strand

Question 31

New strand goes AWAY from replication fork; makes okazaki fragments; stiches fragments together; needs many RNA primers

Answer 31

Lagging

Question 32

zips up the strands

Answer 32

DNA ligase

Question 33

"old and new" strand is called- (the gentic ladders where the old one splits in half and new ones bind to it)

Answer 33

semi conservative replication

Question 34

what only happens in the LAGGING STRAND and not the leading strand

Answer 34

the creation of OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS