Heredity Flashcards
(16 cards)
Heredity
the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring
Dominant Trait
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
Recessive Trait
a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Genes
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
Alleles
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic such as hair color
Phenotype
an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic
Genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organism also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
Probability
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
Meiosis
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus which results in the production of sex cells
sex chromosomes
one pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Pedigree
the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
Nucleotide
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.
Mutations
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA,
RNA
ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells
Ribosome
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells.
