Heredity and Prenatal Development

Question 1

Rod-shaped structures found in cells. Humans contains 46 ________ organized into three pairs.

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

_______ are the biochemical materials that regulate the development of traits

Answer 2

Genes

Question 3

Genes are segments of strands of ______

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

The 23rd pair are ________ which look different from other chromosomes and determine our sex

Answer 4

Sex chromosome

Question 5

A zygote that divides into two cells that seperate so that each develops into an individual with the same genetic makeuo

Answer 5

Monozygotic twins

Question 6

Two ova in the same month and they are each fertilized by different sperm cells they develop into two fraternal twins

Answer 6

dizygotic twins

Question 7

people who bear one dominant gene and one recessive gene for a trait are said to be _______

Answer 7

carriers

Question 8

An abnormality caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair resulting in 47 chromosome. Round face protruding tongue, a broad flat nose, and a slopping fold of skin over the inner corner of the yes. deficit in cognitive development and motor development

Answer 8

Down’s Syndrome

Question 9

A number of disorders stem from an abnormal number of sex chromosomes and are therefore called

Answer 9

sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities

Question 10

males with XYY sex chromosomal structure were once called

Answer 10

supermales

Question 11

_________ which is caused by an extra X sex chromosome, XXY males produce less testosterone than normal males. Secondary sex characteristics, voice, hair do not develop properly. Eventually develops enlarge breast

Answer 11

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 12

__________ has a single X chromosome. The external genital of such girls are normal however their ovaries are poorly developed and they produce little estrogen. Shorter than average and are infertile

Answer 12

Turner Syndrome

Question 13

Has an XXX sex chromosome, normal in appearance, show lower than average language skills and poorer memory for recent events. vagina is normal, increase incidence of infertility

Answer 13

Triple X syndrome

Question 14

The enzyme disorder in which is transmitted by a recessive gene. Cannot metabolize an amino acid called phenylalanine, so it builds up in their bodies and impairs the functioning of the central nervous system, resulting in mental retardation.

Answer 14

Phenylketonuria PKU

Question 15

A fatal progressive degenerative disorder and a dominant trait. Uncontrollable muscle movements

Answer 15

Huntington’s Disease

Question 16

Cause by a recessive gene, common in african americans. Red blood cells take on the shape of a sickle and clumo together obstructing small blood vessels and decreasing the oxygen supply

Answer 16

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 17

Cause by a recessive gene. It causes the central nervous system to degenerate resulting in death. most commonly found in Jewish Families

Answer 17

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 18

Caused by a recessive gene.Hereditary among European Americans. Excessive production of thick mucos that clogs the pancreas and lungs

Answer 18

Cystic fibrosis

Question 19

A procedure for drawing and examing fetal cells sloughed off into amniotic fluid to determine the presence of various disorders

Answer 19

Amniocentesis

Question 20

A method for the prenatal detection of genetic abnormalities that samples the membrane enveloping the amniotic sac and fetus through the vagina

Answer 20

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 21

Sound waves too high in pitch to be sensed by the human hear . obtain information about the fetus

Answer 21

Ultrasound

Question 22

the set of traits we inherit from our parents are referred as

Answer 22

genotypes

Question 23

The actual set of traits that we exhibit are called our

Answer 23

Phenotype

Question 24

The union of an ovum and a sperm cell

Answer 24

Conception

Question 25

List fourcharacteristics of OVA

Answer 25

- women have 300,000-400,000 ova in each ovary - only ovulate 500 during our lifetime - produce estrogen and progesterone - menstruation cycle

Question 26

The inner lining of the uterus

Answer 26

endometrium

Question 27

Sperm __ sex chromosomes swims faster than Sperm __ chromosome.

Answer 27

Sperm Y, and Sperm X

Question 28

Prenatal development is divided into three periods, name them and the duration of their cycle

Answer 28

``` Germinal period (1-2 weeks) Embryonic period (2-8 weeks) Fetal period (8 weeks- birth) ```

Question 29

The period from conception to implantation is called the

Answer 29

Germinal stage

Question 30

A stage within the germinal period of prenatal development in which the zygote has the form of a sphere of cells surrounding a cavity of fluid

Answer 30

blastocyst (baby)

Question 31

the platelike inner part of the blastocyst that differentiates into the ectoderm. mesoderm, endoderm of the embryo

Answer 31

Embryonic disk

Question 32

The outer part of the blastocyst from which the amniotic sac, placenta, and umbillical cord develop

Answer 32

Trophoblast

Question 33

The stage of prenatal development that last from implantation through the eight week of pregnancy; it is characterized by the development of the major organ system

Answer 33

Embryonic Stage

Question 34

Development follows ______ and _________ trends

Answer 34

cephalocaudal ( head to tail) | proximodistal (near to far)

Question 35

the outer layer of cells of the embryonic disk, _______ develops into the nervous system, sensory organs, nails, hair, teeth, and outer layer of skin

Answer 35

Ectoderm

Question 36

The inner layer, ______ forms the digestive and respiratory system, the liver, and the pancreas

Answer 36

endoderm

Question 37

The ________ develops into the excretory, reproductive, and circulatory system, the muscles, the skeleton, and the inner layer of the skin

Answer 37

mesoderm

Question 38

By the __ week , genetic code asserts itself, causing sex organs to differientiate

Answer 38

7th week

Question 39

_______ secretes hormones that preserve pregnancy, prepare breast for nursing and stimulate contractions

Answer 39

Placenta

Question 40

male sex hormones, testosterone

Answer 40

androgens

Question 41

The _____ stage lat from the third month to birth, major organ systems have been formed, further maturation of fetal organ systems and dramatic gains in size. Respond to external stimulation

Answer 41

Fetal stage

Question 42

The birth of a dead fetus due to malnutrition, and maternal obesity

Answer 42

stillbirth

Question 43

Environmental influences or agents that can damage the embryo or fetus

Answer 43

teratogens

Question 44

In this usage, a period during which an embryo is particularly vulnerable to a certain teratogen. Most vulnerable in the fourth through eight weeks

Answer 44

Critical period

Question 45

A synthetic hormone used to maintain pregnancy that can cause masculinization of the fetus

Answer 45

Progestin

Question 46

High doses of vitamin __ & ___ have been associated with central nervous system damage, small head size and heart defects

Answer 46

A and D