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Heritage of Pharmacy Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to a person who prepared and sold medicines and drugs

A

Apothecary

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2
Q

connotes a charm or a drug that can be used for
good or for evil

A

Pharmakon

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3
Q

successful treatment due to
psychologic rather than therapeutic effects

A

Placebo effects

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4
Q

successful treatment due to
psychologic rather than therapeutic effects

A

Placebo effects

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5
Q

What do you call that document that was preserved in University of Leipzig?

A

Ebers Papyrus

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6
Q

What do you call that document that was preserved in University of Leipzig?

A

Ebers Papyrus

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7
Q

This is a gum exudate that is used as an emulsifying agent in the pharmaceutical industry

A

acacia (gum arabic)

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8
Q

This is a gum exudate that is used as an emulsifying agent in the pharmaceutical industry

A

acacia (gum arabic)

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9
Q

German Egyptologist who discovered Ebers Papyrus

A

Georg Ebers

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10
Q

German Egyptologist who discovered Ebers Papyrus

A

Georg Ebers

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11
Q

• a Greek physician
• is credited with the introduction of scientific
pharmacy and medicine
• father of medicine

A

Hippocrates

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12
Q

According to ___________, the term pharmakon came to mean a purifying for good only

A

Hippocrates

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13
Q

a Greek physician and botanist, was the first to
deal with botany as an applied science of
pharmacy

A

Dioscorides

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14
Q

• considered a milestone in
the development of pharmaceutical botany and
in the study of naturally occurring medicinal
materials.
• significant work of dioscorides crate that profoundly impacted the fields of pharmacology and botany

A

De Materia Medica

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15
Q

pharmacognosy, a
term formed from two Greek words, pharmakon,
______, and gnosis, ________.

A

drugs
knowledge

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16
Q

• a Greek pharmacist– physician who attained Roman
citizenship
• aimed to create a perfect system of
physiology, pathology, and treatment

A

Claudius Galen

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17
Q

Claudius Galen originated so many preparations of vegetable
drugs by mixing or melting the individual
ingredients that the field of pharmaceutical
preparations
was once commonly referred to _________

A

Galenic Pharmacy

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18
Q

Claudius Galen originated so many preparations of vegetable
drugs by mixing or melting the individual
ingredients that the field of pharmaceutical
preparations
was once commonly referred to _________

A

Galenic Pharmacy

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19
Q

Medicinal preparation formulated by Galdn, consisting of a blend of wax, oil, and other ingredients, that was used as a base for various topical treatments

A

Galen’s cerate

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20
Q

• Swiss physician and chemist who called himself
Paracelsus.
• He influenced the transformation of pharmacy from a
profession based primarily on botanical science to
one based on chemical science.

A

AUREOLUS THEOPHRASTUS
BOMBASTUS VON HOHENHEIM

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21
Q

• Swiss physician and chemist who called himself
Paracelsus.
• He influenced the transformation of pharmacy from a
profession based primarily on botanical science to
one based on chemical science.

A

AUREOLUS THEOPHRASTUS
BOMBASTUS VON HOHENHEIM

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22
Q

• Discoveries:
- Lactic acid (sourmilk)
- citric acid
(orange juice)
- oxalic acid (wood sorrel through
boiling and crystallization)
- tartaric acid (from
potassium hydrogen tartrate-substance deposited
when wine is stored)
- arsenic acid (Scheele’s
Green- CuHAsO3)
• Identified glycerin
• Invented new methods of preparing calomel and
benzoic acid
• Discovered oxygen a year before Priestley

A

Swede Karl Wilhelm Scheele

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23
Q

•German pharmacist
• Isolation of morphine from opium

A

Friedrich Serturner

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24
Q

• Isolated quinine and cinchonine from cinchona
and strychnine
• Isolated brucine from nux vomica

A

Joseph Caventou and Joseph Pelletier

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25
• Isolated quinine and cinchonine from cinchona and strychnine • Isolated brucine from nux vomica
Joseph Caventou and Joseph Pelletier
26
Isolated caffeine
Joseph Pelletier and Pierre Robiquet
27
Isolated caffeine
Joseph Pelletier and Pierre Robiquet
28
Separated codeine from opium
Pierre Robiquet
29
What is the natural source of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel?
Pacific yew tree
30
What is the natural source of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel?
Pacific yew tree
31
What is the natural source for digoxin?
Digitalis lanata
32
What is the natural source for Vincaleukoblastine (Antineoplastic drug)
Vinca rosea
33
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy was established as the nations first school of pharmacy
1821
34
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy was established as the nations first school of pharmacy
1821
35
USP (United States Pharmacopeia) was created in establishing standards for drugs in the US
1820
36
USP (United States Pharmacopeia) was created in establishing standards for drugs in the US
1820
37
The term pharmacopeia comes from the Greek pharmakon meaning _______ and poien meaning ________
drug make
38
The 1st American pharmacopeia was the so- called ____________ published in 1778 at Lititz, Pennsylvania, used by the Military Hospital of the USA (32 page booklet containing 84 internal and 16 external drugs and preparations)
Lititz Pharmacopeia
39
What year did Massachusetts Medical Society published a 272 page pharmacopeia containing monographs on 536 drugs?
1808
40
What year did Massachusetts Medical Society published a 272 page pharmacopeia containing monographs on 536 drugs?
1808
41
______________, a physician from NYC submitted a plan to the Medical Society of the Country of NY (Father of Pharmacopeia) in January 06, 1817
Lyman Spalding
42
______________, a physician from NYC submitted a plan to the Medical Society of the Country of NY (Father of Pharmacopeia) in January 06, 1817
Lyman Spalding
43
Synthesis of salicylic acid from phenol inaugurated the synthesis of a group of analgesic compounds including acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) introduced in 1899
1872
44
Synthesis of salicylic acid from phenol inaugurated the synthesis of a group of analgesic compounds including acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) introduced in 1899
1872
45
Arsphenamine-specific agent against syphilis (Paul Ehrlich and Sahachiro Hata)
1910
46
Arsphenamine-specific agent against syphilis (Paul Ehrlich and Sahachiro Hata)
1910
47
American Pharmaceutical Association was organized
1852
48
American Pharmaceutical Association was organized
1852
49
First edition of National Formulary of Unofficial Preparations then changed to National Formulary on June 30, 1906 by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt
1888
50
First edition of National Formulary of Unofficial Preparations then changed to National Formulary on June 30, 1906 by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt
1888
51
• "Controlled Substances Act" • This served to consolidate and codify control over drugs of abuse into a single statute. • Established 5 schedules for the classification and control of drug substances that are subject to abuse.
COMPREHENSIVE DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT OF 1970
52
• "Controlled Substances Act" • This served to consolidate and codify control over drugs of abuse into a single statute. • Established 5 schedules for the classification and control of drug substances that are subject to abuse.
COMPREHENSIVE DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT OF 1970
53
• Drugs with no acceptable use • High potential for abuse
Schedule I
54
• Drugs with no acceptable use • High potential for abuse
Schedule I
55
Examples of Schedule I
• Heroin • Lysergic acid diethylamide • mescaline • peyote • methaqualone • marijuana
56
Examples of Schedule I
• Heroin • Lysergic acid diethylamide • mescaline • peyote • methaqualone • marijuana
57
Drugs with accepted medical uses and a high potential for abuse that if abused may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
Schedule II
58
Examples of Schedule II
• Morphine • cocaine • methamphetamine • amobarbital
59
Examples of Schedule II
• Morphine • cocaine • methamphetamine • amobarbital
60
• Drugs with accepted medical uses and a potential for abuse less than those listed in schedule I and II. • If abused: Moderate Psychological/Physical dependence
Schedule III
61
• Drugs with accepted medical uses and a potential for abuse less than those listed in schedule I and II. • If abused: Moderate Psychological/Physical dependence
Schedule III
62
• Drugs with accepted medical use • Low potential for abuse • If abused: limited physical dependence or psychological dependence
Schedule IV
63
• Drugs with accepted medical use • Low potential for abuse • If abused: limited physical dependence or psychological dependence
Schedule IV
64
Examples of Schedule IV
• Difenoxin • Diazepam • Oxazepam
65
Examples of Schedule IV
• Difenoxin • Diazepam • Oxazepam
66
• Accepted medical use • Low potential for abuse • If abused: limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to drugs in level IV
Schedule V
67
• Accepted medical use • Low potential for abuse • If abused: limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to drugs in level IV
Schedule V
68
What category? Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).
Category A
69
What category? Adequate and well-controlled studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters). Example drugs or substances: levothyroxine, folic acid, liothyronine
Category A
70
Wjat category? • Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. • Example drugs: metformin, hydrochlorothiazide, cyclobenzaprine, amoxicillin, pantoprazole, paracetamol
Category B
71
Wjat category? • Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. • Example drugs: metformin, hydrochlorothiazide, cyclobenzaprine, amoxicillin, pantoprazole, paracetamol
Category B
72
• Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. • Example drugs: tramadol, gabapentin, amlodipine, trazodone
Category C
73
• There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. • Example drugs: lisinopril, alprazolam, losartan, clonazepam, lorazepam
Category D
74
What category? • There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. • Example drugs: lisinopril, alprazolam, losartan, clonazepam, lorazepam
Category D
75
What category? • Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits. • Example drugs: atorvastatin, simvastatin, warfarin, methotrexate, finasteride
Category X
76
What category? • Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits. • Example drugs: atorvastatin, simvastatin, warfarin, methotrexate, finasteride
Category X
77
• Drugs intended for the treatment of "rare disease and conditions" • To help promote research on rare diseases
Orphan Drug
78
hard tablet that dissolves under the tongue in 30 mims
Troches
79
hard tablet that dissolves under the tongue in 30 mims
Troches

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