Herpesvirus Flashcards

(88 cards)

1
Q

Herpesviridae morphology

A

Enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic

icosahedral capsid, T=16

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2
Q

Herpesvirus capsid contains a globular material called ___

A

Tegument

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3
Q

Herpesvirus genome

A

monopartite, linear, double-stranded DNA genome

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4
Q

Herpes virus replication occurs in ___

A

the nucleus

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5
Q

T or F

some herpesviruses are oncogenic

A

True

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6
Q

Herpesvirus inclusion bodies

A

Type A Cowdry bodies, eosinophilic intranuclear , composed of nucleic acid and protein

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7
Q

herpesvirus facilitates cell-to-cell fusion that spread the infection and avoids the immune system

A

Syncytium

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8
Q

Herpesvirus capsid contains a globular material called ___

A

Tegument

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9
Q

Bovine Herpesvirus belongs to subfamily ____

A

Alpha herpesvirus

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10
Q

3 subtypes of bovine herpesvirus

A

Respiratory
Genital
Encephalitic

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11
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: transmission

A

Respiratory disease and conjunctivitis from droplets

Genital disease from coitus

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12
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: Pathogenesis

A

1st- cell-asso. viremia
focal epithelial cell necrosis, inclusions may be in nuclei
intense inflammatory response
life long latency in Trigeminal n. (resp.) and Sciatic n. (genital)

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13
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: Clinical signs - Respiratory

A

red nose, necrotic rhinitis, dust pneumonia
mucopurulent nasal discharge, death maybe by 2nd infection
conjunctivits, abortion, systemic infected calves

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14
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: Clinical signs - genital

A

Infectious pustular vaginitis (IPV)

swollen vulva, mild discharge, inflamed pustules on penis

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15
Q

Bovine herpesvirus: control

A

modified live vaccines

combination or multivalent vaccines

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16
Q

Bovine herpesvirus 2 causes ___

A

Bovine ulcerative mammillitis

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease

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17
Q

BUM: hosts

A

cows, usually in 2 weeks of calving

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18
Q

BUM: transmission

A

direct contact and fomites by damage to skin

Mechanical by arthropods

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19
Q

BUM: Clinical signs

A

swollen, painful teats, bluish skin and exudates serum to ulcers
reduce milk yield, mastitis

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20
Q

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease: transmission

A

Mechanically by arthropods

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21
Q

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease: Clinical signs

A

mild fever, skin nodules with flat surface and depressed center

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22
Q

Porcine herpesvirus 1 causes ___

A

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky disease, Mad itch)

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23
Q

Pseudorabies: transmission

A

recovered pigs are primary reservoir (also rats)

shed in saliva, nasal discharge, and milk

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24
Q

Pseudorabies: Pathogenesis

A

primary- upper respiratory tract, spreads by lymphatics
to CNS (pons and medulla)
-ganglioneuritis, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing

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25
Pseudorabies: Clinical signs
Varies per age sows- poor fertility, abortions, weak piglets piglets- CNS signs, death, stunted growth and resp. distress
26
Pseudorabies: 2nd hosts - Mad itch
intense pruritus, self harm | drooling, paralysis of jaws
27
Pseudorabies: Diagnosis
history and CS | Histopathology, Serology, nucleic acid by PCR
28
T or F | Pseudorabies vaccine protects from infection
False | But it may alleviate clinical signs
29
Equine Herpesvirus-1: transmission
Inhalation | Direct or indirect contact with nasal discharge, aborted fetuses, placenta, or fluids
30
EHV-1 can reside latently in the ____ ganglia and in ___cytes
Trigeminal ganglia of CNS | Lymphocytes
31
EHV-1: Pathogenesis
cell-asso. viremia, spreads into endothelial ling of blood vessels in CNS and uterus
32
EHV-1 immunosuppressed the host by inhibiting the ___ protein
TAP protein | blocks delivery of antigen to MHC I molecules
33
EHV-1 causes
Respiratory disease- rhinopneumonitis, younger Encephalomyelopathy Reproductive form - abortions
34
Equine Herpesvirus 4 causes _____ disease
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
35
EVR: transmission
sporadic infections,
36
EVR: clinical signs
upper respiratory tract disease | nasal discharge- mucoid or mucopurulent discharge, mild coughing, fever, rarely abortion
37
T or F | Vaccine immunity of Equine Herpesvirus is short-lived
True
38
Canine herpesvirus is known for ___
Hemorrhagic disease of puppies (Fading puppy syndrome)
39
HDP: transmission
contact of infected secretions from dam In-utero transmission passage through birth canal older- direct contact, vernerally
40
HDP: pathogenesis
fetus- leukocyte-asso. viremia = CNS signs, abortion | other- localized infection= latency
41
2 main factors in managing HDP
Body temperature of puppies | Maternal immunity
42
HDP: clinical signs of puppies
painful crying, abdominal pain, anorexia, dyspnea, soft greenish stools *Hemorrhagic, necrotic foci in kidneys
43
HDP: clinical signs of adults
vaginal hyperemia, discharge and vesicular lesions, abortions mild respiratory infection conjunctivitis
44
HDP: diagnosis
focal necrosis on organs | intranuclear inclusion bodies, culture, PCR, serology
45
HDP: control
keep puppies warm, isolation | no vaccine
46
Feline herpesvirus-1 causes ___
Feline rhinotracheitis
47
FHV-1: transmission
Direct contact with infected cat secretions | Recovered cats become latent carriers
48
FHV-1: pathogenesis
upper respiratory infection | multifocal epithelial necrosis, inflammation and fibrinous exudation
49
FHV-1: clinical signs
Kittens (
50
FHV-1: eye ulcer diagnosis
Fluroescein ophthalmic strips | florescien stain
51
FHV-1: Diagnosis
CS, histopathology, virus isolation, serology, PCR
52
3 types of FHV-1 vaccine
modified live virus parenterally MLV intranasally inactivated vaccine parenterally
53
Gallid Herpesvirus 1 causes ____
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
54
Gallid herpesvirus 2 causes ____
Marek's disease
55
(ILT) Infectious Laryngotracheitis: transmission
mostly inhalation droplets to conjunctiva, ingestion recovered chickens are carriers
56
ILT: Pathogenesis
severe laryngotracheitis = necrosis, hemorrhage, ulceration, and diphtheritic membranes membranes can cause asphyxia
57
ILT latency persists in ____ ganglia
Trigeminal ganglion
58
ILT: clinical signs
mild coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, depression | low morbidity for conjunctivis
59
Severe form of respiratory distress has a distinctive raised neck with extended head during inspiration called ___
Pump handle respiration
60
ILT: diagnosis
CS, tracheal plug, histopathology, virus growth in embryonated eggs, PCR
61
ILT: control
Complete culling of infected population and disinfection of environment
62
3 types of ILT vaccine
Chick embryo origin Tissue culture origin Pox-vectored recombinant vaccine
63
Marek's disease is caused by ___
Gallid herpesvirus 2
64
4 forms of gallid herpesvirus 2
Mild Virulent Very virulent very virulent plus
65
Marek's disease: virus is detectable in ____ organs
spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius
66
Marek's disease is normally cell-asso. Cell free infections can only be detected in ___
Dander of feather follicles
67
Marek's disease: Clinical lesions
Neuro, virceral, ocular, cutaneous lymphomatosis
68
Marek's disease: diagnosis
Clinical signs, necropsy, histopathology, PCR, cell culture, CAM inoculation
69
T or F | Marek's disease is a reportable disease
True
70
Betaherpesvirus Characteristics
slow replicating viruses, chronic infections. Enlarged cells (cytomegaly), latent form in secretory glands and macrophages and lymphocytes
71
Porcine herpesvirus 2 causes ___
``` Inclusion body Rhinitis a.k.a Procine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) ```
72
PCMV: hosts
pigs, 2-10 weeks | severe seen in
73
PCMV: Transmission
Inhalation | Transplacental
74
PCMV: Pathogenesis
Widespread petechiae and edema commonly in thoracic cavity and SQ tissues Placental- abortion, mummies
75
PCMV: Clinical signs
76
Gammaherpesvirus characterisitics
Lymphotropic, slow cytopathic for epithelial and fibroblastic cells (death w/o virion prod.) continous shedding, latency in lymphoid tissue, can cause lymphoid tumors
77
Gammaherpesvirus causes ___
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)
78
Two most important MCF viruses are ____
Alcephaline herpesvirus-1 (AHV-1) - wildebeest asso. Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) - sheep asso.
79
Wildebeests are also called
Gnus
80
T or F | AHV-1 does not cause disease in wildebeest
True
81
AHV-1: transmission to cattle
direct contact with nasal and ocular secretions, aerosol of young wildebeest
82
OvHV-2: transmission
respiratory, transplacental, contact with nasal secretions | Unknown transmission to cattle
83
T or F | MCF can be transmitted from cattle to cattle
False | Cattle are dead-end hosts
84
MCF: pathogenesis
cell-asso. viremia. necrotizing vasculitis | epithelial erosions and keratoconjunctivitis
85
MCF: 4 forms of clinical signs
Peracute-sudden death Head and Eye- most common Intestinal form- death by diarrhea mild form- recovery expected
86
MCF: Head and eye signs
reddened eyelids, nasal discharge, salivation, erosions of oral mucosa lymph node swells, horn and hoof slough, CNS signs
87
Necropsy sign of MCF is severe linear congestion of colon mucosa called ___
Zebra striping
88
MCF: control
Separation from wildebeest and sheep | No vaccine