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Virology Exam 2 > Pox Viruses > Flashcards

Pox Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

Entomopoxvirinae

A

pox viruses of insects

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2
Q

Chordopoxvirinae

A

Pox viruses of vertebrates

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3
Q

Basic structure of pox viruses

A

Large, sometimes enveloped DNA viruses with complex structures

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4
Q

Two distinct infectious particles

A

Intracellular mature virus (IMV)

Extracelluar enveloped virions (EEV)

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5
Q

Intracellular mature virions

A

only have an inner membrane. Released by lysis

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6
Q

Extracellular enveloped virions

A

have an envelope and inner membrane

released by budding

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7
Q

Genome of Pox virus

A

single molecule of linear double-stranded DNA

encodes proteins that counteract host adaptive and innate immune responses

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8
Q

Replication occurs

A

in the cytoplasm

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9
Q

Pox virus antigenic characteristics

A

Specific nucleoprotein, exposed following alkaline digestion of virus
production of hemaggulation only by Orthopoxviruses

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10
Q

Envelope properties

A

High environmental stablility, long infectious period.

less sensitive to organic solvents/disinfectants due to low lipid content

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11
Q

Methods of transmission

A

Damaged skin
Respiratory route
Mechanically by biting arthropods
spread by lymphatics

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12
Q

Most pox are host specific except ____

A

Orthopoxviruses

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13
Q

Orthopoxviruses: hosts

A

Cowpox
wide host range
Rodents are reservior

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14
Q

Cowpox: cattle transmission

A

cow to cow by milker’s hands or teat cups
infected farm cats
rodents

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15
Q

Cowpox: cattle Clinical findings

A

papules on teats and udder, suckling calves may have them on mouth
May rupture into ulcers

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16
Q

Cowpox: Cats Transmission

A

skin inoculation by bite or would

oro-nasal route

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17
Q

Cowpox: Cats Clinical signs

A

single primary skin lesions, followed by widespread secondary lesions as ulcerated papules

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18
Q

Cowpox: Humans Transmission

A

contact with cats most common

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19
Q

Cowpox: humans Clinical signs

A

papular lesions on hands and face, may ulcerate
enlarged, painful lymph nodes
fever, vomiting, sore throat

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20
Q

Monkeypox: Monkeys

A

generalized skin lesions

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21
Q

Monkeypox: human transmission

A

direct contact with infected animal fluid (monkey, gambian rat, or squirrel)
contact with infected respiratory excretions

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22
Q

Monkeypox: human clinical signs

A

Invasive period- fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, muscle pain
Skin eruption period- rash of macropapules and vesicles

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23
Q

Parapoxviruses

A

Pseudocowpox

contageious Ecthyma/Orf virus

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24
Q

Pseudocowpox condition

A

viral skin disease, causes mild sores on teats and udder of cows
Milker’s nodule- human infection

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25
Pseudocowpox transmission
contaminated milkers biting insects calves get infected by suckling semen of bulls
26
Pseudocowpox pathogenesis and CS
lesions of hyperplasia of squamous epithelim high morbidity of mild infection up to 10 lesions on 1 teat
27
Pseudocowpox acute lesions
thick, elevated scab, falls off, leaving Horse-shoe shaped ring of small wart-like granuloma
28
Pseudocowpox: chronic lesions
erythema, yellow/grey scabs that rub off at milking | corrugated skin, no pain
29
Pseudocowpox: Treatment and prevention
removal and burning of scabs, apply emollient ointment before milking, astringent prep afterwards disinfection, teat dip, reduce teat trauma, isolate infected
30
Pseudocowpox: humans
Milker's nodule | lesions on hands
31
Contagious Ecthyma: Hosts
Orf virus | Sheep and goats
32
Contagious Ecthyma: transmission
scabs from lesions, long infectious period | primary infection by damaged skin.
33
Contagious Ecthyma: Pathogenesis
cellular necrosis and sloughing of epidermis lesion forms scab immunity last ~8 months
34
Contagious Ecthyma: Clinical signs
first lesions develop at lip corners followed by lip swelling continues to muzzle and nostrils anorexia and weightloss lesions also seen on udder, feet, and scrotumm
35
Contagious Ecthyma: Vaccination
developed from suspension of scabs. should not be used on farms that do not have a problem 1-2 years of immunity
36
Contagious Ecthyma: vaccinate lambs at ____ and pregnant ewes ____ before lambing
lambs: 6-8 weeks Ewes: 7-8 weeks before lambing
37
Contagious Ecthyma: Human infections
from handling infected animals large nodular lesions on fingers, hands, arms, face, and penis (wash your hands, boys) lasts about 4-9 weeks
38
Capripoxvirus
Sheep pox goat pox Lump skin disease (cattle)
39
Sheeppox and goatpox: Transmission
Highly contagious, long infectious period by respiratory tract damaged skin by contaminated materials mechanical by biting arthropods
40
Sheeppox: Pathogenesis
systemic disease leukocyte-asso. viremia immune complexes = severe necrotizing vaculitis (Type III hypersen.) = ischemic necrosis of dermis
41
Sheeppox: 2 forms of disease
Malignant form | Benign form
42
Sheeppox: Malignant form
depression, prostration, high fever, salivation, lactrimation, edema of eyelids, mucopurulent nasal discharge. lesions develop, spread into visera. scar into star shaped w/o hair or wool Mortality -50%, up to 100% in lambs
43
Sheeppox: benign form
more common in adults | only skin lesions develop or mild systemic reaction
44
Sheeppox: Prevention
Reportable- prohibited importation from infected areas | vaccines provide temp. protection
45
Goatpox
Reportable, similar to sheeppox kids suffer systemic disease on skin and viscera Flat hemorrhagic form had high mortality case
46
Lumpy Skin Disease: transmission
most common by arthropods | also direct contact
47
Lumpy Skin Disease: Clinical signs
in all cattle ages and breeds | fever, multiple nodular lesions on skin and musoca. lymphadenopathy
48
Lumpy Skin Disease: Control
Vaccine | cull infected animals
49
Suipoxvirus
Swinepox
50
Swinepox
pigs (duh) typically low mortality and morbidity high mortality in young pigs
51
Swinepox: transmission
direct contact with skin injury, long infectious period Mechanical via Haematopinus suis. Transplacental infection
52
Swinepox: Clinical signs
transient fever, pox lesions Exudative epidermitis (Greasy Pig Disease) as a 2nd disease congenital pox lesions in vicera
53
Swinepox: Control
Pest control | no vaccine
54
Avipoxvirus
Fowlpox
55
Fowlpox: hosts
highly infectious disease of poultry and turkeys
56
Fowlpox: Transmission
long infectious period direct contact to wounds Mechanically possibly aerosol route
57
Fowlpox: 3 forms
``` Cutaneous form (dry form) Diphtheritic form (wet form) Ocular form ```
58
Fowlpox: Cutaneous form characteristics
Most common form, low mortalility small papules on comb, wattles, and around beak (sometimes on legs and cloaca) Drop in egg prod. Recovery in about 4 weeks
59
Fowlpox: Diphtheritic form characteristics
by droplet infection infection of muous membranes of mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea necrotic pseudomembrane lesions, death by asphyxiation
60
Fowlpox: Ocular form
Conjunctivitis | cheesy exudate accumulates under eyelids
61
Avipoxvirus: inclusion bodies
Bollinger bodies- eosinophilic granular intracytoplasmatic | Borrel bodies- minute spherical bodies obtained by digestion of Bollinger bodies
62
Fowlpox: control
Vaccine | control mosquito population
63
Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep
unclassified poxvirus | Infectious disease of sheep
64
Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep: features
transmitted by wound infections or by coitis Lip and Leg ulceration Veneral form, ulceration of gentials
65
Diagnosis of Pox virus
``` clinical signs Sampling material Electron microscopy Histopathology inoculation of embryonated egg (pox lesions on CAM) serology and PCR ```

Virology Exam 2 (8 decks)

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