High Middle Ages

Question 1

Simony

Answer 1

Bishops sold positions in the church

One of the problems w the church that reformers wanted to fix

Question 2

Friar

Answer 2

Like monks but preached to poor and travelled. Owned nothing and lived by begging

Question 3

Dominicans

Answer 3

One of the earliest order of Friars

Many were scholars

Question 4

Francis of Assisi

Answer 4

Founded Franciscans (order of Friars)
Treated all creatures including animals as spiritual brothers and sisters

Question 5

Romanesque

Answer 5

Style of architecture many churches were built with

Question 6

Gothic

Answer 6

Style of architecture

Spread throughout Europe in early 1100s

Question 7

Cathedral

Answer 7

Larger churches in city areas

Question 8

Urban II

Answer 8

Pope that called for the first crusade

Question 9

Crusades

Answer 9

“Holy wars” whose purpose were to gain back Jerusalem
Some worked some didn’t
Led to bitterness between Islam and Christianity
Increased persecution of Jews
Increased trade w west
Weakened power of pope and feudal nobility so power of kind increased

Question 10

Reconquista

Answer 10

Spanish tried to drive Muslims out of Spain in a Spanish crusade

Question 11

Inquisition

Answer 11

Court held by church to suppress heresy

Isabella and Ferdinand used it to increase their power after unifying Spain under Christianity

Question 12

Three-field system

Answer 12

System farmers used where had 3 fields
2 were used while one rested
Increased food so healthy people so more people

Question 13

University

Answer 13

Revival of learning led to more universities

New ideas and expressions

Question 14

Vernacular

Answer 14

A way an author can write
Language of where they’re from
Could be different than the common language (Latin)

Question 15

Dante

Answer 15

Wrote the Divine Comedy in Italian (vernacular)

Question 16

Chaucer

Answer 16

Wrote The Canterbury Tales in English (vernacular)

Question 17

Aquinas

Answer 17

Argued most basic religious truths could be proved by logical arguments
He and others used info of Aristotle to debate ideas
Teachings influenced thought of Western Europeans

Question 18

Scholastics

Answer 18

Aquinas and fellow scholars that met at great universities

Question 19

Edward the Confessor

Answer 19

His death led to the Norman conquest

Question 20

William the Conqueror

Answer 20

Duke of Normandy

Claimed English crown and invaded bc cousin of edward who died

Question 21

Norman Conquest

Answer 21

William took over England after the battle of Hastings

Question 22

Battle of Hastings

Answer 22

Battle between Normans and Anglo-Saxons that resulted in Normans gaining control of England

Question 23

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 23

Henry II added to land holdings in England and France by marrying her

Question 24

King John

Answer 24

Son of Henry II
Lost Normandy and all other northern French lands
Cruel ruler - very high taxes and alienated church
Actions led to Magna Carta

Question 25

Magna Carta

Answer 25

Guaranteed certain basic political rights for every citizen

Question 26

Edward I

Answer 26

King that created parliament

Question 27

Parliament

Answer 27

Legislative group | Two branches: House of Commons and House of Lords

Question 28

Estates-General

Answer 28

Church leaders, Great lords, commoners/merchants meet | Increased Royal power over nobles but limited King's power

Question 29

Avignon

Answer 29

Clement V moved from Rome to here and popes lived here for next 69 years The move weakened the church

Question 30

Great Schism

Answer 30

Two popes excommunicated each other | French pope in Avignon and Italian pope in Rome

Question 31

Bubonic plague

Answer 31

Plague that wiped out 1/3 of Europe | Effects: manorialism, decrease in pop and trade, Jews blamed, peasant revolts, church suffered

Question 32

Longbow

Answer 32

Changed the warfare of 100 years war Helped English win at Crècy, Poitiers, and Agincourt End of chivalric warfare

Question 33

Hundred Years War

Answer 33

Century of war between England and France that led to the end of medieval society in Europe Changed style of warfare

Question 34

Joan of Arc

Answer 34

Young peasant girl that had visions of kicking England out of France Made French win at Orleans Captured and burned at stake for being a witch

Question 35

Reform

Answer 35

To change something | Church reform