HIGH YIELD Flashcards
(20 cards)
what are the different types of kidney disease?
nephritic syndrome
chronic kidney disease
acute kidney injury
renal tubular defects
what is the renal cortex comprised of?
glomerulus
- fenestra
- type IV collagen, forms scaffold for there glycoproteins to attach
- visceal epithelial cells
- mesangial cells
there are foot processes and filtration slits that contain transmembrane glycoprotein; crucial role in maintaining selective permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier
visceral epithelial cells
these cell types support the glomerular turft
- contractile
- phagocytic
mesangial cells
T/F, the more cationic, the less permeable?
F, more permeable
patient has this syndrome with these s/s? also, inflammatory or noninflammatory?
acute renal failure oliguria hematuria mild to moderate proteinura hypertension
nephritic syndrome
inflammatory
this type of kidney disease?
presence of diminished GFR that is persistently <60mL/min/1.73mm^3 for at least 3 months
persistent albuminuria which may present with a silent decline in renal excretory function
chronic kidney disease
chronic kidney disease is the same as chronic renal failure?
true
what are the 4 stages of chronic kidney disease?
diminished renal reserve
renal insufficiency
renal failure
end stage renal disease
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR less than 50% normal
serum BUN and Cr are normal
diminished renal reserve
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR is 20-50% of normal
azotemia present-increased nitrogen products in blood
anemia, polyuria, nocturia, HTN
renal insufficiency
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR is less than 20-50% of normal
edema, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia
overt uremia may be present
renal failure
name this stage of chronic kidney disease?
GFR <5% normal
terminal stage of uremia (azotemia + clinical symptoms)
end stage renal disease (terminal)
affect of renal failure on calcium, phosphate, and bone?
overall decrease in bone density due to absorption/secretion problems leading to hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy
glomerular disease presents as?
main mechanisms?
hypercellularity
basement membrane thickening
hyalinosis
sclerosis
immune mechanisms (antibody related)
- injury by antibodies reacting in situ within the glomerulus
- injury resulting from deposition of soluble circulating antigen antibody complexes
in situ immune complex deposition due glomerular disease examples?
*pattern of immunofluorescence?
Anti-GBM nephritis (good pasture syndrome), linear patterns of immunofluorescence
Heymann nephritis (in situ immune complex nephritis)
linear*
circulating immune complex nephritis?
*pattern of immunofluorescence?
glomerulus is endogenous or exogenous and the antigen-antibody complexes become trapped in the glomerulus
granular*
glomerular disease can incite the mediators or immune injury, what are some examples?
*epithelial cell injury occurs, T/F?
activation of complement which incites inflammatory response*
membrane attack complex (C5b-C9)*
monocytes and macrophages
platelets
*T
general progression of glomerular disease?
histology characteristics?
once enough functioning nephrons are destroyed to reduce GFR to 30-50% of normal, than we see progression to ESRD
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
tubulointerstitial fibrosis
most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, most common being between 2-6 years old
diffuse effacement of foot processes of visceral epithelial cells in glomeruli that appear virtually normal by light microscopy
lipoid nephrosis (minimal change disease)
