High yield Cardiovascular

Question 1

Calcium channel blockers MOA

Answer 1

Block voltage gated L type channels of cardiac and smooth muscle to reduce contractility

Question 2

Non-DHPs use

Answer 2

HTN
Angina
A-fib/flutter

Question 3

Dihydropyradines act on

Answer 3

vascular smooth muscle

Question 4

Hydralazine MOA

Answer 4

Increases cGMP to relax arterioles

Question 5

Hydralazine use

Answer 5

Severe HTN

HF

Question 6

Hydralazine adverse effects

Answer 6

Tachy
Fluid retention
Lupus like syndrome

Question 7

Nitroprusside MOA and use

Answer 7

shorts acting increase of cGMP to release NO

Question 8

Fenoldopam MOA and use

Answer 8

D1 receptor agonist to cause vasodilation to lower BP

Question 9

Nitrates MOA

Answer 9

Increase cGMP to cause smooth muscle relaxation to dilate veins and decrease preload

Question 10

Milrinone MOA

Answer 10

PDE-3 inhibitor to cause Gs related increase in inotropy and chronotropy and vasodilation

Question 11

Milrinone use

Answer 11

Acute decompensated HF

Question 12

Statin adverse effects

Answer 12

Hepatoxicity (check liver enzymes)

Myopathy

Question 13

Bile acid resins adverse effects

Answer 13

GI upset

Lower absorption of vitamins and other drugs

Question 14

Ezetimibe MOA

Answer 14

Brush border inhibition of cholesterol absorption

Question 15

Fibrates MOA

Answer 15

Upregulate LPL for increase TG clearance

Activate PPARa to increase HDL synthesis

Question 16

Fibrates adverse effects

Answer 16

Myopathy

Question 17

Niacin MOA

Answer 17

inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue to reduce hepatic VLDL synthesis

Question 18

Niacin adverse effects

Answer 18

Hyperglycemia

Hyperuricemia

Question 19

Digoxin MOA

Answer 19

N-K-ATPase pump inhibition to indirectly inhibit Na/Ca exchanger for INCREASED INOTROPY

Stimulates vagus nerve for lowered HR

Question 20

Digoxin use

Answer 20

HF and A-fib

Question 21

Digoxin adverse effects

Answer 21

Cholinergic effects

HYPERKALEMIA