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Neuroscience 3 > Higher Order Fx > Flashcards

Higher Order Fx Flashcards

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1
Q

Unimodal ? and area

A

modality specific, unidirectional

motor association
somatosensory association
visual association
auditory association

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2
Q

Heteromodal ? and areas

A

frontal lobes and parieto-occipitotemporal jx

higher-order mental fx
bidirectional connection
- motor sensory limbic

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3
Q

dominate hemisphere

A

left hemisphere

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4
Q

dominant hemisphere does what type of motor

A

highly skilled complex motor

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5
Q

language is mainly found where

A

dominate

wickneys and bocas

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6
Q

special about left handers and language

A

*Left-handed individuals are therefore believed to recover

more quickly from language impairment than right-handed individuals*

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7
Q

Bocas area Fx

A

speech output

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8
Q

wernicke’s area fx

A

language comprehension make them make sense

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9
Q

language centers communicate via

A

arcurate fasciculu

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10
Q

language areas of brain Frontal lobes fx

A

higher order motor aspects of speech

syntax - well formed sentances

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11
Q

language areas of brain Supramarginal Gyrus & Angular Gyrus s)

A

wernicke’s area
lexicon
writing

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12
Q

language areas of brain visual cortex, visual association cortex

A

reading

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13
Q

nondom hemi involv

A

convey happiness and be able to tell when happy or sad

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14
Q

subcortical involvement

A

thalamus and basal gang (initiation of speech)

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15
Q

non dom hemi communication

A

corpus callosum

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16
Q

aphasia

A

a disturbance of one or more aspects of the complex process of comprehending and formulating verbal messages that result from newly acquired disease of the central nervous system
Can be physiological inefficiency or impaired cognition
Usually found in LEFT

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17
Q

Brocas Aphasia

A

Sometimes referred to as, “motor aphasia”
Impaired language production
Aware of deficits
Have motor trouble impairment of speech

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18
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

Impaired language comprehension
Unaware of deficits
Unable to understand and form words – they think they said the right thing but they didn’t

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19
Q

global aphasia

A

Broca’s + Wernicke’s impairments

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20
Q

Alexia

A

impairment reading ability

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21
Q

Agraphia

A

impairment in writing ability

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22
Q

brocas with alexia

A

can read to themselves in their head

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23
Q

wernickes with alexia

A

not be able to read outload

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24
Q

writing with brocas

A

be very labored and sparse

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25
writing with wernickes
something way off in left field
26
alexia without a aphasia injury
lesion to the dominant occipital cortex extending to the posterior corpus callosum (often PCA infarct)
27
agraphia without aphasia injury
lesions of inferior parietal lobule of language-dominant hemisphere
28
Nondom in higher order fx
Complex visual-spatial skills Imparts emotional significance to events and language Music perception Perceptual integration!!!!!!!!
29
what is perception
Perceiving is the capacity to transform information from the senses (touch, hearing, vision, smell, taste, kinesthesia) and use it to interact appropriately to the environment
30
perceptual exam components
Body Scheme and Body Image Impairments Spatial Relationships Agnosias Apraxia
31
body image
Visual and mental image of one’s body
32
body scheme
Postural model of the body Includes relationship of body parts to each other and their relationship of the body to the environment (THINK: body awareness, body experience)
33
Unilateral neglect most common and worst side
most commmon is LEFT Right side is the worst because it gets bilateral whereas left only gets contra
34
places affected by unilateral neglect
usually right temp jx and posterior parietal lesions dorsolateral frontal cingulate gyrus thalamus putamen lesions
35
two types of neglect
modality -sensory motor representational distribution -personal spatial
36
sensory neglect
ignore one side of your senses ex: anything coming from the left does not exist
37
motor neglect
ignore one side of your motor ex: motor output will not go to the left even tho it works
38
representational neglect
loss of internally generated images
39
Personal neglect
Lack of exploration or awareness of contralateral side of body - cant see half their body (doesnt regonize it
40
spatial neglect 2 types
Peripersonal: within reaching space - cant see close Extrapersonal: in far space - cant see far
41
asomatognosia
lack of awareness of presence and or relationship of body parts believe 100 percent its not theirs
42
Position-in-space disorder
Decreased ability to perceive and interpret spatial concepts Up, down, in, out, over, under, etc CONSIDER: How does this differ from proprioception - spatial relationship
43
Right-Left discrimination
Decreased R/L differentiation with body parts and with following directions` spatial relationship
44
Topographical disorientation
Difficulty perceiving relationships from one location to another in the environment spatial relationship
45
Figure Ground
Inability to distinguish a figure from the background in which it is embedded spatial relationship
46
Spatial Relations Disorder
Inability to to perceive relationship of one object in space to another object, or to oneself spatial relationship
47
Depth and distance perception
Inaccurate judgement of direction, distance and depth spatial relationship
48
Vertical disorientation/midline disorientation
Cannot identify when body is in the middle This has body scheme involved, too! spatial relationship
49
agnosias
Decreased ability to recognize stimuli despite intact sensory function.
50
visual agnosias
Inability to recognize familiar objects despite normal eye function Ex: Prosopagnosia – close your eyes and have them say hello and they will recognize them
51
auditory agnosias
Inability to recognize non-speech sounds or to discriminate between them
52
Tactile agnosias astereognosis agraphesthesia
righ hemisphere ability to percieve Astereognosis Inability to recognize objects when handling them, despite normal tactile sensations Agraphesthesia Inability to recognize symbols when they're traced on the skin.
53
anosognosia
``` Severe condition supramarginal gyrus? Denial or lack of awareness of presence or severity of one’s deficits May also demonstrate astereognosis Significantly limits rehab potential ``` complete unawareness
54
Apraxia
Impairment of voluntary, skilled, well-learned movement - Without deficits in motor function, sensory function, or coordination LEFT HEMISPHERE
55
ideomotor apraxia
Breakdown between concept (idea) and performance (motor execution)
56
ideational apraxia
cant even explain how to do it or what you would do with it | failure to conceptualize the task
57
prefrontal cortex how much of the brain
10%
58
prefrontal cortex role
executive fx
59
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Switching attention, working memory, maintaining abstract rules, and inhibiting inappropriate responses
60
Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex
DECISION-MAKING
61
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Emotional processing, aids in decision-making, short-term memory (sec to min), self-perception, and social cognition
62
Prefrontal has connections with
everywhere
63
cortical connections with prefrontal
association cortices | limbic cortex
64
subcortical connections
amygdala hippocampus thalamus basalgang
65
disinhibition
Silly behavior, crass jokes, aggressive outbursts
66
INAPPROPRIATE jocularity
Seemingly unconcerned about potentially serious matters
67
utilization behavior/environmental dependence
Respond to whatever stimuli at hand, even when not appropriate
68
frontal release signs
palmar reflex, grasp reflex, sucking reflex
69
limited insight
person's ability to understand and perceive his or her illness

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