Highlighted Notes

Question 1

Mass in the International System (S.I) is the _______

Answer 1

kilogram (kg)

Question 2

1 slug = ______

Answer 2

14.59 kg

Question 3

1 lb = _____

Answer 3

1 lb = 4.49 N

Question 4

Mass for Metric and imperial are:

and how are they related

Answer 4

Metric = kg

imperial = slug

1 kg = 14.59 kg

Question 6

1 Bar = psi??? and Pascals ???

Answer 6

1 Bar = 14.5 psi = 100,000 Pascal

Question 7

A force is one kind of vector.

A vector is a quantity that has both ____ and _____

Answer 7

Size (magnitude) and Direction

Question 8

Forces are measured in the ______ in the imperial system and the _____ in the metric system.

Answer 8

Forces are measured in the pound (lbs) in the imperial system and the Newton (N) in the metric system.

Question 9

As we have seen, mass is the quantity of matter, determined by the number of ______and _____in the body, and weight is a measure of the _______ of the earth on the quantity og matter.

Answer 9

As we have seen, mass is the quantity of matter, determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the body, and weight is a measure of the gravitational pull of the earth on the quantity og matter.

Question 10

Mass depends upon the amount of _____.

Weight depends upon the ____ and the amount of _____.

Answer 10

Mass depends upon the amount of matter.

Weight depends upon the mass and the amount of gravity.

Question 11

Physicists and engineers measure masses of bodies in _____, or ______

and weight in _____or _____.

Answer 11

Physicists and engineers measure masses of bodies in slugs, or kilograms

and weight in pounds or newtons.

Question 12

The equation for weight

w =

Answer 12

w = (mass)(gravity)

Mass in Kg or slugs (1 kg = 14.59 slugs)

Gravity in 9.81 m/s^2 or 32 lbs / slug

Question 13

A moment is equal to _____times _____

Answer 13

A moment is equal to Force times distance

Question 14

100 mm = m?

Answer 14

100mm = 0.1m

Question 15

A couple is a ____of ____of magnitude F (same)

Answer 15

A couple is a pair of forces of magnitude F

Question 16

Calculating 2 forces by radial length to fulcrum each separately is the same as just multiplying ______ by the ____to the other force

Answer 16

Calculating 2 forces by radial length to fulcrum each separately is the same as just multiplying 1 force by the distance to the other force

Question 18

tow =

Answer 18

tow = Fd sin (theta)

where F = force applied to wrench

d = distance of extension

sin(theta) =angle between the 2

Question 19

Scale reading =

Answer 19

Scale reading = (specified torque)( L / L + X)

L = distance between the driving tang and the centre of the handle

X = length of extension of spanner between

Question 20

The exact location of the C of G range is specified for each type of aircraft in the ________

Answer 20

The exact location of the C of G range is specified for each type of aircraft in the flight manual

Question 21

What is the formula for CG =

and what should be noted in relation to this?

Answer 21

CG = Total moment / total mass

positive moments refer to aft of datum while negative moments are forward of datum

Question 23

In evaporation and boiling the _____ kinetic energy molecules can ‘______’ from the attractive forces of the other liquid particles. The particles lose any order and become completely free. Energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces in the liquid and is taken in from the surroundings (called what? heat taken in from surroundings)

Answer 23

In evaporation and boiling the highest kinetic energy molecules can ‘escape’ from the attractive forces of the other liquid particles. The particles lose any order and become completely free. Energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces in the liquid and is taken in from the surroundings

Endothermic

n = in

Question 24

Reactions:

Where heat is taken in from surroundings is called ______
Where heat is lost to surroundings is called _____

Answer 24

Where heat is taken in from surroundings is called Endothermic ( n = in )
Where heat is lost to surroundings is called (Exothermic = exit)

Question 25

Boiling is rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature called the __________ and requires continuous addition of heat (What type of reaction?). Evaporation takes place more slowly at any temperature between melting point and boiling point and results in the liquid becoming \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 25

Boiling is rapid evaporation at a fixed temperature called the boiling point and requires continuous addition of heat. Evaporation takes place more slowly at any temperature between melting point and boiling point and results in the liquid becoming cooler. Type of reaction = Endothermic

Question 26

In terms of states of matter Evaporation is: Condensation is: melting is: what type of reaction is each (exo or endo)

Answer 26

Evaporation is a liquid to a gas - Endothermic Condensation is a gas to a liquid - Exothermic Melting is a solid to a liquid - Endothermic

Question 27

On cooling, gas particles _____ kinetic energy and eventually become attracted to form a liquid. There is an increase in order as the particles are much closer together and can form clumps of molecules. The process requires heat to be lost to the surroundings (called what type of reaction?)

Answer 27

On cooling, gas particles lose kinetic energy and eventually become attracted to form a liquid. There is an increase in order as the particles are much closer together and can form clumps of molecules. The process requires heat to be lost to the surroundings ## Footnote **Exothermic**

Question 28

When a solid is heated the particles _____ more strongly and the particle attractive forces are weakened. Eventually,called the _____ point What type of reaction?

Answer 28

When a solid is heated the particles vibrate more strongly and the particle attractive forces are weakened. Eventually, called the melting point Endothermic

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

**Freezing** On cooling, liquid particles ____ kinetic energy and become more strongly attracted to each other. Eventually at the freezing point the forces of attraction are sufficient to remove any remaining freedom and the particles come together to form the ordered solid arrangement. Since heat must be removed to the surroundings freezing is an ________ process

Answer 30

**Freezing** On cooling, liquid particles lose kinetic energy and become more strongly attracted to each other. Eventually at the freezing point the forces of attraction are sufficient to remove any remaining freedom and the particles come together to form the ordered solid arrangement. Since heat must be removed to the surroundings freezing is an exothermic process

Question 31

Sometimes solids can become gases without ever becoming liquids. This is called \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

***_S_***ublimation ( **_S_**olid to gas)

Question 32

When a gas becomes a solid without going through the liquid phase, it is called \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Deposition

Question 33

Explain Sublimation and Deposition in terms of states of matter

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

What does the unit 'in Hg' mean in terms of atmospheric pressure?

Answer 36

**inches of mercury**

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

1 mb = ? hPa

Answer 38

1 mb = 1 hPa m = milibar

Question 39

1 bar = ? Pa

Answer 39

1 bar = 100,000 Pa

Question 40

The layer that extends upwards from the earth's surface for 7.5 miles is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

Troposphere

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

At a cabin altitude of _______ feet, the passengers and crew can ride in relative comfort without any special oxygen supply. Planes which fly at much higher altitudes than ________ feet must be furnished with a special atmosphere control system.

Answer 42

At a cabin altitude of 8,000 feet, the passengers and crew can ride in relative comfort without any special oxygen supply. Planes which fly at much higher altitudes than 8,000 feet must be furnished with a special atmosphere control system.

Question 45

Can an absolute pressure reading ever be less than 0?

Answer 45

Question 46

A guage on a pressurized air cylinder measures the pressure above the ambient atmospheric pressure. Ths relative pressure is called?

Answer 46

Gauge Pressure

Question 47

Is the actual pressure exerted on the walls of a cylinder gas: 1. Pabs 2. Patm 3. or Pg

Answer 47

Pabs Absolute pressure

Question 48

What is the equation for pressure at the bottom of a body? (i.e a glass of water)

Answer 48

HIGHEST PRESSURE (E.G PRESSURE AT BOTTOM OF BODY OF WATER ETC)

Question 49

What can hold more water vapour? Warm air or Cold air

Answer 49

Warm air Warm air can hold more water vapour than cold air. In general, the air is rarely saturated, containing only a fraction of the possible water vapour.

Question 50

What is Absolute humidity?

Answer 50

Absolute humidity is the measure of water vapour in air, regardless of temperature. It is a measure of the mass of vapour contained within a parcel of air.

Question 51

What is Relative Humidity?

Answer 51

Relative humidity = amount of water vapour in air / how much water vapour it can actually hold at a given temperature Relative humidity gives the ratio of how much moisture the air is holding to how much moisture it could hold at a given temperature.

Question 52

What is Dew point?

Answer 52

The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor

Question 53

\_\_\_\_\_ air holds more moisture

Answer 53

Warm air holds more moisture

Question 54

Given Pressure and Area, how would you calculate Force?

Answer 54

Force = (Pressure)(Area)

Question 55

Pressure = | (equation)

Answer 55

Pressure = Force / Area

Question 56

Describe the relationship between the distance the piston moves to the area of the piston, given such an example as the picture

Answer 56

The distances the pistons move is inversely proportional to the areas of the pistons

Question 57

What are the 5 basic components of a fluid power system

Answer 57

1. Reservoir or receiver 2. Pump or compressor 3. Lines (pipes, tubing, or flexible hose) 4. Directional control valve 5. Actuating Device

Question 58

Answer 58

10 MPa Recall: area of circle = (pi)(r)² Note question gives diameter **_not_** radius

Question 59

Answer 59

1.2 lbs, right

Question 60

Answer 60

2,000 lbs

Question 61

Answer 61

3,000 psi

Question 64

Answer 64

189 kPa

Question 65

Answer 65

11 atm Atmospheric pressure = 101,000 Pa Density of water 1000 kg/m^3

Question 66

A body submerged in a liquid displaces a volume of water equal to ...

Answer 66

its own volume

Question 67

Relative density also determines the proportion of a floating body that will be submerged in a fluid. If the body is two thirds as dense as the fluid, then ________ will be submerged This will displace in the process a volume of fluid whose weight is \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 67

If the body is two thirds as dense as the fluid, then 2/3s of the volume of the body will be submerged This will displace in the process a volume of fluid whose weight is **equal to the entire weight of the body**

Question 68

Specific gravity = density of substance / density of water

Answer 68

Specific gravity = relative density Specific gravity of a substance is a convenient measure of its relative density compared to water

Question 69

Given this table, how would you find out if something floats or sinks in water?

Answer 69

Specific gravity /Relative density = density substance / density water If value is greater than 1, it sinks If value is less than 1, it floats

Question 70

What percentage of an iceberg is below the surface of the ocean?

Answer 70

89% (92%) Recall: Relative density also determines the proportion of a floating body that will be submerged in a fluid. If the body is two thirds as dense as the fluid, then two thirds of its volume will be submerged, displacing in the process a volume of fluid whose weight is equal to the entire weight of the body . Speciric gravity/relative density = yoke/ water

Question 71

Answer 71

274 lbs Recall: volume water = 1000 kg/m3 or 62.4 lbs / ft3 Also note: The weight of a volume of water displaced by a body is equal to the entire weight of the body

Question 72

When a body is moving in a straight line with constant speed it is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 72

not accelerating

Question 73

A body accelerates if (what 2 conditions)

Answer 73

its speed is changing or it is changing direction (vector)

Question 74

What do each of the following represent in kinetics: V_av = t = u = v = a = s =

Answer 74

What do each of the following represent in kinetics: V_av = Average Velocity t = Time u = initial velocity v = Final velocity a = acceleration s = displacement (distance covered)

Question 75

What is the equation for displacement (s)

Answer 75

**s = (V_av​)(t)**

Question 76

What is the equation for Acceleration

Answer 76

A = (v - u) / t

Question 77

what is the equation for v | (derived from acceleration equation)

Answer 77

**v = u + at**

Question 78

How do you calculate V_av

Answer 78

V_av = v + u / 2

Question 79

How do you calculate s (displacement)

Answer 79

s = ( (v + u)/2 ) (t) Derived from s = (V_av)(t)

Question 80

Answer 80

312 ft

Question 81

Answer 81

32 ft/s All kinetic equations derived from: a = (v-u ) / (t) s = (Vav)(t)

Question 82

Answer 82

200 ft/s All you need to derive any kinetic equation is: a = (v - u) / t s = ((v+u)/2)(t)

Question 83

A radian is approximately equal to ________ degrees

Answer 83

57.3

Question 84

1 revolution = ______ degrees

Answer 84

360

Question 85

1 revolution = _____ radians

Answer 85

2(pi) radians

Question 86

360 degrees = ______ radians

Answer 86

2(pi) radians

Question 87

In orbital motion, the path taken is usually _______ (shape)

Answer 87

eliptical

Question 88

What is the equation for the length (s) travelled along a circular path (arc)?

Answer 88

s = R(theta) where = arc distance R = Radius theta = angle of the arc

Question 89

How do you calculate tangential velocity?

Answer 89

v = R(w) where v = tangential velocity R = radius w = angular velocity