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IMSK > Hindlimb Muscles > Flashcards

Hindlimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the lateral rump?

A
  1. tensor fascia latae
  2. middle gluteal
  3. deep gluteal
  4. superficial gluteal
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2
Q

do bovines have a superficial gluteal?

A

nope

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3
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the tensor fascia latae

A

origin: tuber coxae
insertion: lateral femoral fascia (proximal tibial end through fascia in equines)
innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
action: flex the hip and extend the stifle

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4
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the middle gluteal

A

origin: gluteal surface and crest of the ilium (tuber coxae in equine)
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
action: flex the hip, extend the stifle, (extend and abduct the hip joint in dogs)
(flex hip and abduct limb in equines)

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5
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the deep gluteal

A

origin: body of ilium and ischiatic spine
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
innervation: cranial gluteal nerve
action: extend the hip (abduct thigh in equine and bovine)

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6
Q

give common origin of middle and deep gluteal

A

from the gluteal surface/ischiatic spine

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7
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the superficial gluteal

A

origin: sacrum/dorsal iliac spine (tuber coxae in equines)
insertion: third trochanter of femur via sacrotuberous ligament and deep gluteal fascia respectively
innervation: caudal gluteal nerve
action: extend hip and abduct the limb

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8
Q

what are the action of the middle, deep, and superficial gluteals in dogs?

A

extend and abduct the hip joint

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9
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the caudal rump?

A

internal obturator, gemelli, quadratus femoris, and external obturator

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10
Q

give innervation, and action of the internal obturator; do cows have? how many heads in a horse?

A

innervation: sciatic
action: rotate limb laterally at hip;
cows do not have, but equines have two heads of this muscle

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11
Q

give the innervation, and action of the external obturator

A

innervation: obturator nerve
action: rotate limb laterally at the hip

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12
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the caudal thigh? plus a 4th just in bovines

A
  1. biceps femoris
  2. semitendinosus
  3. semimembranosus
    cows have gluteobiceps! (superficial gluteus + biceps fused)
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13
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the biceps femoris and name the two heads

A

origin: ischiatic tuberosity (equine vertebral head from sacral ligament and gluteal fascia)
insertion: patella, patellar ligament and around tibial tuberosity, TUBER CALCANEI (equine cranial head part inserts onto third trochanter)
innervation: sciatic nerve
action: extend hip and stifle (may also flex stifle depending on position); has vertebral and pelvic heads and 3 insertions in equines

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14
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the gluteobiceps in cattle

A

origin: sacral ligaments and gluteal fascia
insertion: patellar ligament, calcaneal tendon
innervation: sciatic nerve
action: extends the hip, extend and flex the stifle, extend the hock

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15
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the semitendinosus

A

origin: ischiatic tuberosity
insertion: TUBER CALCANEI
innervation: sciatic nerve
action: extends the hip and hock; flexes stifle (may extend stifle in large animals)

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16
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the semimembranosus

A

origin: ischiatic tuberosity in canine and cattle, sacral ligaments and gluteal fascia in equines
insertion: medial epicondyle of femur and medial condyle of tibia
innervation: sciatic nerve
action: extends the hip; adduct limb of equines and bovines; extends or flexes the stifle depending on limb position of canine

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17
Q

what are the 2 heads of the semimembranosus in equines?

A

vertebral and pelvic

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18
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the medial thigh?

A
  1. sartorius
  2. gracilis
  3. pectinius
  4. adductor
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19
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the sartorius; compare and contrast canine versus equine

A

in dogs has 2 parts (cranial and caudal), is undivided in equines
origin:
dogs: tuber coxae
equines: iliac fascia and psoas minor tendon bovines: iliac fascia, psoas minor tendon, and ilium
insertion: patella and tibia
innervation: femoral nerve
action: flex hip; in dogs the cranial part extends the stifle and the caudal path flexes the stifle

20
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the gracilis

A

origin: pelvic symphysis (also from prepubic tendon and symphyseal tendon in horse and bovine)
insertion: tibia and tuber calcanei
innervation: obturator nerve
action: extends hip and hock; adducts the limb/thigh

21
Q

give the innervation, and action of the pectineus

A

innervation: obturator nerve
action: adduct limb/thigh (in large animals can also flex the hip)

22
Q

give the innervation, and action of the adductor; give the 2 parts

A

the two parts are: adductor magnus and brevis, and adductor longis

innervation: obturator nerve
action: adduct limb/thigh (in large animals can also extend the hip to a minor extent)

23
Q

give the 2 muscles of the cranial thigh

A
  1. quadriceps femoris (includes rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius)
  2. iliopsoas: psoas major + iliacus
24
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris

A

origin: ilium
insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament (over patella in large animals for all heads)
innervation: femoral nerve
action: extend stifle, flex the hip

25
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the vastus medialis of the quadriceps femoris

A

origin: femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
innervation: femoral nerve
action: extend the stifle

26
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps femoris

A

origin: femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
innervation: femoral nerve
action: extend the stifle

27
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the vastus intermedius of the quadriceps

A

origin: femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
innervation: femoral nerve
action: extend the stifle

28
Q

what is the most important muscle of the hindlimb?

A

quadriceps femoris

29
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the iliopsoas

A

origin: lumbar vertebrae and cranioventral ilium
insertion: lesser trochanter
innervation: femoral nerve
action: major hip flexor

30
Q

give the 6 muscles of the craniolateral leg and say what animals have them

A
  1. cranial tibial- all
  2. peroneus tertius- equines and bovines
  3. long digital extensor- all
  4. peroneus longus- dogs and bovine
  5. lateral digital extensor- all
  6. short digital extensor- equine and bovine
31
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the cranial tibial muscle

A

origin: tibia
insertion: metatarsal (tarsus in equines)
innervation: peroneal nerve
action:
dogs: flex tarsus and rotate paw medially
equine and bovine: flex hock

32
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the peroneus tertius (found only in equines and bovines)

A

origin: femur (extensor fossa)
insertion: MT3+4 in bovines and MT3 and third tarsal in equines
innervation: peroneal nerve
action:
equines: entirely tendinous and a constituent of the reciprocal apparatus in equines
bovines: muscular and flexes the hock!

33
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the long digital extensor

A

origin: distal femur
insertion: distal phalanges (P3) in dogs and bovine, P1, P2, and P3 in the horse
innervation: peroneal nerve
action: flexes the tarsus/hock and extends the digits

34
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the peroneus longus (found only in dogs and bovines)

A

origin: lateral condyle of tibiA
insertion: metatarsal in all plus tarsal bone in bovine
innervation: peroneal nerve
action: flex tarsus/hock; lateral rotation of dog paw

35
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the lateral digital extensor

A

origin: tibia and fibula, lateral collateral ligament of stifle
insertion: joins the long digital extensor tendon; inserts on the middle and distal phalanx of D4 in bovines
innervation: peroneal nerve
action: assist long digital extensor

36
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the short digital extensor (only in equines and bovines)

A

origin: peroneus tertius tendon plus talus in bovine
insertion: tendons of long and lateral digital extensors
innervation: peroneal nerve
action: assist in extension of digital joint extensions

37
Q

what are the 4 muscle of the caudal leg?

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. superficial digital flexor
  3. deep digital flexor
  4. popliteus
38
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the gastrocnemius

A

origin: supracondylar tuberosities
insertion: tuber calcanei
innervation: tibial nerve
action: extend tarsus/hock and flex stifle

39
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the superficial digital flexor

A

origin: supracondylar tuberosity in dogs and supracondylar fossa in equines and bovines
insertion: tuber calcanei and P2 in dogs, P1 and P2 in equines, P2 in bovines (like the forelimb)
innervation: tibial nerve
action: extend tarsus/hock and flex digits

40
Q

give the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the popliteus

A

origin: lateral condyle of the femur
insertion: tibia
innervation: tibial nerve
action: flex stifle and in dogs rotates leg medially

41
Q

what 5 muscles contribute to common calcanean tendons?

A
  1. biceps femoris
  2. semitendinosus
  3. superficial digital flexor
  4. gracilis
  5. gastrocnemius
42
Q

what does complete rupture of the calcanean tendon result in?

A

inability to bear weight on the pelvic limb and animal having a typical plantigrade stance

43
Q

what are the 4 major extensors of the hip?

A
  1. the gluteal muscles
  2. biceps femoris
  3. semitendinosus
  4. semimembranosus
44
Q

does quadratus femoris have any action on the hip? is it major or minor?

A

quadratus femoris minorly extends the hip, but not significantly so if all the other extensors are gone the quadratus femoris cannot extend the hip alone

45
Q

what are the 2 major flexors of the hip? plus give a third minor flexor

A
  1. iliopsoas
  2. quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris specifically)
  3. minorly tensor fascia latae
46
Q

can you flex the hip if the iliopsoas and quadriceps (rectus femoris) are disabled?

A

only like 10% thanks to slight contribution from tensor fascia latae

IMSK (17 decks)

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