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GROSS ANATOMY > Hip > Flashcards

Hip Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

The gluteal region, or buttock, is bounded superiorly by the ___ and inferiorly by the ____.

A

The gluteal region, or buttock, is bounded superiorly by the iliac crest and inferiorly by the fold of the buttock.

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2
Q

T or F
The superficial fascia is thick, especially in women, and is impregnated with large quantities of fat. It contributes to the prominence of the buttock.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

On the lateral surface of the thigh, the fascia is thickened to form a strong, wide band, called the?
It forms a sheath for the tensor fasciae latae muscle and receives the greater part of the insertion of the gluteus maximus.

A

iliotibial tract

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3
Q

★ The largest of the 3 hip bones
★ Forms superior 2/5 of the acetabulum
★ The wing (ala) spans from PSIS to ASIS

A

ILIUM

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3
Q

Bones of the Hip (innominate bones)

A

The ilium, ischium, and pubis form the hip bone

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3
Q

The ilium, ischium, and pubis form the hip bone where do they meet?

A

They meet one another at the acetabulum.

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3
Q

What type of joint is the COXOFEMORAL JOINT?

A

Multiaxial Synovial Ball and Socket

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3
Q

What is the articulation of the coxofemoral joint?

A

Head of the femur to the lunate surface of the acetabulum

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3
Q

Movements of the coxofemoral joint?

A

Flexion and Extension;
Abduction and Adduction;
Internal and External Rotation

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4
Q

★ Serves as the insertion of iliacus
★ Anterior forms a fossa that serves as a proximal attachment to gluteus medius

A

ILIUM

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4
Q

★ There is also a ligament, which is sacrospinous and sacrotuberous
★ The spine serves as an attachment to gemellus superior

A

ISCHIUM

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4
Q

★ The smallest of the 3 hip bones
★ Forms the anterior 5th of the acetabulum

A

PUBIS

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4
Q

★ Forms the posterior 2/5 of the acetabulum
★ Ischial tuberosity is a landmark for palpation since several muscles are attached to it

A

ISCHIUM

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4
Q

T or F
ACETABULUM is also called the butter cup

A

FALSE
The ACETABULUM is Also called Vinegar’s Cup

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4
Q

Orientation of the ACETABULUM

A

O: Faces laterally, inferiorly, and anteriorly

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5
Q

★ Coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum is measured by the ___________. Normal = 30
○ Undercoverage = <20 (Coxa Profunda)
○ Overcoverage = >43 (Protrusio Acetabuli)

A

★ Coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum is measured by the Central Edge Angle (CEA) of Wiberg. Normal = 30

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5
Q

CEA of Wiberg, normal value=
○ Undercoverage = <20 is called?
○ Overcoverage = >43 is called?

A

Normal value = 30
○ Undercoverage = <20 (Coxa Profunda)
○ Overcoverage = >43 (Protrusio Acetabuli)

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6
Q

At what age is the acetabulum fully ossified?

A

Full ossification – 15 – 25 y/o

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7
Q

The femur holds how many percent of the body’s weight?

A

20%

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7
Q

Strongest and longest bone in the bod

A

Femur

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8
Q

Orientation of the Femur

A

Angled Anteriorly, superiorly, medially

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8
Q

Trabecular bone and neck – designed to ____?

A

Trabecular bone and neck – designed to withstand high loads

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8
Q

When is the Iliofemoral ligament taught?

A

Taut during extension and ER
Inferior band tautest during extension

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8
Q

Strongest ligament in the body
★ Reinforces anterior aspect of the hip

A

ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT

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8
site of osteoporotic fracture
Ward triangle
8
Y Ligament of Bigelow ★ 2 parts ○ Inferior (Medial) ○ Superior (lateral)
ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
8
What movement does the ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT limit? +its function
Limits: overextension during standing ★ With the pubofemoral ligament, it helps maintain upright posture, reducing the need of the hip extensors contraction
8
★ Posterior thickening of the capsule ★ Taut during IR when the hip is at flexion and extension, flexion with adduction
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
8
T or F the ilium is smooth anteriorly and rough post
TRUE
8
spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium near the acetabular margin
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
8
If the Synovial fluid is gone/less what condition could it result to?
Osteoarthritis 9narrowing of joint space)
8
★ Taut during extension, and ER (Ligament)
PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
9
Composition of Synovial Fluuid
Lubricin Collagen Hyaluronic acid (main)
9
What hormone causes lax of ligament for the pelvis for increase pelvic outlet for child birth?
Relaxin
9
Reinforces joint capsule along the medial surface ★ limits extension and abduction ★ Base: attaches to the superior ramus of the pubis ★ Apex: lower part of the intertrochanteric line
PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT
9
placed on tensile load during weight bearing when the head of the femur relocates in the acetabulum and widens the acetabular notch ★ acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch ★ converts the notch into a tunnel through which the blood vessels and nerves enter the joint
TRANSVERSE ACETABULAR LIGAMENT
9
★ A semicircular ring consisting of fibrocartilage and dense connective tissue ★ Functions as a force distributor and shock absorber
ACETABULAR LABRUM
9
★ Capitis Femoris Ligament ★ Edges of the Acetabular notch attaching to the Fovea Capitis
LIGAMENTUM TERES
9
Orientation of PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT?
Orientation is inferior-medial
9
LIGAMENTUM TERES attaches to?
Fovea Capitis
10
When is the LIGAMENTUM TERES taught?
Taut during weight bearing
10
BURSA in the hips
ILIOPSOAS BURSA TROCHANTERIC BURSA\ ISCHIOGLUTEAL BURSA
10
Bursa ★ Largest and most constant ★ Inflammation > RA
ILIOPSOAS BURSA
10
T or F Proposed function of the collagen is to improve the mobility of the hip by providing an elastic alternative to the bony rim
FALSE Proposed function of the labrum is to improve the mobility of the hip by providing an elastic alternative to the bony rim
10
Bursa: Ischium and Gmax ★ Weaver’s Bottom
ISCHIOGLUTEAL BURSA
10
triangular depression situated in the upper part of the medial aspect of the thigh just below the inguinal ligament
FEMORAL TRIANGLE
10
★ Medial Floor and Lateral Floor: (femoral triangle) Roof: Skin and fasciae of the thigh
○ Gutter shaped and formed from lateral to medial by the iliopsoas, the pectineus, and the adductor longus Roof: Skin and fasciae of the thigh
11
★ Subgluteus medius Bursa ○ Glut Med and Great Troc ★ Subgluteus maximus Bursa ○ Gmax and ITB
TROCHANTERIC BURSA
11
boarders of the femoral triangle Superior Medial Lateral
Superior: Inguinal ligament Medial: Adductor longus muscle Lateral: Sartorius muscle
12
HIP BIOMECHANICS OPEN-PACKED POSITION: CLOSE-PACKED POSITION:
OPEN-PACKED POSITION: 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight ER CLOSE-PACKED POSITION: Full extension, medial rotation, abduction
12
★ The major contents of the femoral triangle are
○ Femoral nerve and its terminal branches ○ Femoral sheath ○ Femoral artery and its branches ○ Femoral vein and its tributaries ○ Deep inguinal lymph nodes
13
HIP BIOMECHANICS CAPSULAR PATTERN: STABILITY:
CAPSULAR PATTERN: Flexion, abduction, and medial rotation (but in some cases, it is limited) STABILITY: 27 muscles that crosses the hip joint act as: PRIMARY MOVERS and STABILIZERS
13
How manty degrees? Coxa Vara= Coxa Valga =
Coxa Vara= less than 120 (110) Coxa Valga = greater than 140
13
Hip Angulations Normal anteversion: __degrees - Excessive: above __ degrees - Retroversion: below __ degrees
Normal anteversion: 10-15 degrees - Excessive: above 15 degrees - Retroversion: below 10 degrees
14
How many muscles crosses the hip?
27
14
T or F The extensor group of muscles is more powerful than the flexor group, and the lateral rotators are more powerful than the medial rotators.
TRUE
15
Accounts for substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in aging population ■ Type 2 osteoporosis of 75 y/o
Idiopathic Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip
15
■ One of many causes of hip and groin pain in aging patients. ■ Diagnosis ● Confirmed by radiograph; ● jt space width of 2.5 mm or less ● Osteophytes ● Subchondral bone sclerosis ● Cyst
Osteoarthritis
16
Systemic, inflammatory, chronic, idiopathic, auto-immune
Rheumatoid Arthritis
16
Infection of the hip joint ■ Standard treatment ● Open/arthroscopic arthrotomy ● Irrigation and debridement
Septic Arthritis

GROSS ANATOMY (12 decks)

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