Knee Region

Question 1

Largest joint in the Body?

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral Joint

Question 2

What type of joint is the Tibiofemoral jont?

Answer 2

Hinge synovial joint

Question 3

What is the normal ROM of the knee?

Answer 3

0-140 deg

Question 3

T or F
the knee joint has 3 Degrees of Freedom

Answer 3

FALSE
The knee joint only has 1 Degree of freedom: Flex & Extend

Question 3

T or F
the knee joint can’t withstand large amount of forces

Answer 3

FALSE
Can withstand large amount of forces

Question 4

Lateral femoral condyle is oriented more ___ than medial femoral condyle

Answer 4

Lateral femoral condyle is oriented more anterior than medial femoral condyle

Question 4

Landmarks of the Q-angle

Answer 4

ASIS, patella, Tibial tubercle

Question 4

Q-angle
Normal range for male and female?
○ If decreased associated to bow legs
○ If increased associated to knock knees

Answer 4

Normal for male: 13°; female: 18°
○ If decreased associated to bow legs
○ If increased associated to knock knees

Question 5

Q angle
○ If decreased associated with?
○ If increased associated with?

Answer 5

Normal for male: 13°; female: 18°
○ If decreased associated to bow legs
○ If increased associated to knock knees

Question 6

Q-ANGLE/PATELLOFEMORAL ANGLE is also known as?

Answer 6

Quadriceps angle

Question 7

Oblique longitudinal anatomical axis of femur and vertical longitudinal anatomical axis of tibia

Answer 7

MEDIAL TIBIOFEMORAL ANGLE

Question 8

Landmarks for Medial Tibiofemoral angle

Answer 8

Landmarks: femoral head
○ bet intercondylar tubercles
○ talar head

Question 8

Normal range: (M tibiofemoral angle)
★ Creating physiologic valgus: 5 deg
○ Increased ?
○ Decreased ?

Answer 8

Normal range:
★ Creating physiologic valgus: 5 deg
○ Increased (>185): Genu valgum/Knock knees
○ Decreased (<175): Genu varum/Bow leg

Question 8

Articulations of the PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT

Answer 8

★ A: patella and femur

Question 9

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

Answer 9

Patella

Question 9

★ Most incongruent joint in the body

Answer 9

PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT

Question 10

Facets/ridges: (patellafemoral)

Answer 10

Facets/ridges:
○ Superior pole, inferior pole
○ Medial and lateral facet
○ Odd facet
■ Extreme medial edge of patella

Question 11

★ During extension patella goes superiorly into?

Answer 11

femoral sulcus

Question 12

Most common direction of dislocation of patella:

Answer 12

Lateral

Question 13

Patellar Loading Activity: (how many times the body wieght?)
Walking
Climbing stairs
Descending stairs
Squatting

Answer 13

Walking 0.3x BW
Climbing stairs 2.5x BW
Descending stairs 3.5x BW
Squatting 7x BW

Question 13

Patellar malalignment leading to problems of?

Answer 13

patellar tracking

Question 14

★ Encloses patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints
★ Keeps the joint lubricated
★ Reinforced by other structures(subcrureus)
★ Two layers: Synovial (inner), Fibrous (outer)

Answer 14

JOINT CAPSULE

Question 14

Special test for OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

Answer 14

Wilcon’s test: The test is positive when the patient reports pain in the knee about 30° from full extension and
when by rotating the foot back (externally rotation of the tibia) in it’s normal position the pain disappears.

Question 15

★ Bursa connected to synovial joint capsule
★ Suprapatellar bursa
★ Subpopliteal bursa
★ Gastrocnemius bursa

Answer 15

KNEE BURSA

Question 15

What is the affected bursa if the condition is Housemaid’s knee?

Answer 15

Housemaid’s knee: prepatellar

Question 15

What is the affected structure if the condition is Vicar’s knee and Clergy’s knee?

Answer 15

Vicar’s knee and Clergy’s knee: infrapatellar

Question 16

What is the affected structure if the condition is Baker’s cyst?

Answer 16

Baker’s cyst/Popliteal cyst

Question 17

Function of the MENISCI

Answer 17

○ Enhance joint congruence ○ Distribute weight-bearing forces ○ Reduces friction ○ Shock absorbers

Question 18

OKC: ER of tibia on the last 30 degrees of knee extension (Norkin) ★ Brunstromm: last 20 degrees Levangie: last 5 degrees ★ Levangie: last 5 degrees ★ Popliteus unlocks the knee ★ Knee ext: OTER-CFIR

Answer 18

SCREW HOME MECHANISM/LOCKING OF THE KNEE

Question 18

a softening of the articular cartilage on the posterior surface of the patella which may eventually lead to fibrillation, fissuring, and erosion.

Answer 18

Chondromalacia Patella

Question 19

Children; running, jumping, swift changes of direction (soccer, bball) Clinical assessment: tender tibial tubercle

Answer 19

Osgood Schlatter

Question 20

★ bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow ★ distal femur, specifically in the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle

Answer 20

OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS

Question 24

★ pain on the anterior aspect of the knee associated with clicking or popping ★ patella and the tibiofemoral joint

Answer 24

Patellar plica

Question 25

Medial and lateral ★ Fibrocartilaginous disc ★ “MCLO”

Answer 25

MENISCI