Hip Groin Thigh Pelvis Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
bones fuse at what age?
A
17
2
Q
the strongest ligament of the of the pelvis is?
A
iliofemoral
3
Q
what is the only quad muscle that crosses the hip
A
rectus femorus
4
Q
whats is the muscle that usually get really tight and makes ppl look like they have big butts
A
iliospoas
5
Q
sciatic nerve innervates?
femoral nerve innervates?
obturator innervates?
A
- posterior thigh
- anterior thigh
- adductor group
6
Q
3 external iliac arteries
A
- femoral (travels deep into the adductor canal)
- deep femoral
- femoral circumflex (femoral neck and hip)
7
Q
- the biggest vein in the body
- one femoral vein
A
- great saphenous vein
- external iliac vein
8
Q
? is part of the deep fascia that invests the thigh musculature
A
the fascia lata femoris
9
Q
the compartments are thick anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally, but thin?
A
on the medial side
10
Q
the IT band is located laterally serving serving ad the attachment for?
A
tensor fascia lata and greater aspect of the gluteus maximum
11
Q
where do the quadriceps insert?
A
in a common tendon to the proximal patella
12
Q
Hamstrings cross the knee joint ? and all except the short of ? crosses the hip
A
posteriorly
- head of the biceps
13
Q
Bi-articulate muscles produce forces dependent upon position of both?
A
the knee and hip
14
Q
pelvis moves in how many planes?
A
3
15
Q
hip moves in how many planes
A
3
16
Q
muscles are most commonly injured in what region
A
hip and pelvis
17
Q
why can a injury to one muscles be very disabling and difficult to distinguish
A
because there are numerous muscles that attach in that region
18
Q
what usually gets hurt (ligaments or muscle)
A
muscle!
19
Q
when the hip does dislocate what direction does it dislocate in?
A
backwards
20
Q
3 injury prevention techniques
A
1) protective equipment
2) physical conditioning
3) shoes
21
Q
2 chronic/ overuse injuries
A
- trochanteric bursitis
- femoral stress fracture
22
Q
- Exposed to blunt trauma
- usually develop as a result of severe impact & resultant muscular compression
A
contusions
23
Q
what determines the depth of functional disruption that occurs during a contusion
A
extent of the force and degree of thigh relaxation
24
Q
- Localized pain, bleeding, swelling & temporary loss of function
- weakness (extending or flexing knee) can go all the way as deep as the femur
- Graded 1-4 superficial to dee
A
quad contusions
25
what position do you have the quad in when icing
flexed to decrease bleeding to the area
26
- RICE (knee flexion), protect (crutches), NSAIDS, therapy for pain
- ROM and stretching
- no massage or heat initially!
management of contusion
27
Little or no pain • Mild hemorrhaging • No swelling • Mild pt. Tenderness • No disability in terms of ROM
(what grade of contusion)
1st degree
28
Mild pain • Mild swelling • Mild to moderate hemorrhaging • Mild point tenderness • Mild disability (>90° knee flexion) • Limping
(what grade of contusion)
2nd degree
29
Moderate pain • Moderate swelling • Moderate disability (>45° but < 90° of knee flexion) • Obvious limping
(what grade of contusion)
3rd degree
30
Severe pain • Severe swelling • Severe disability (<45° of knee flexion) • Potential muscle herniation • Obvious limp or unable to wt. bear
(what degree of contusion)
4th degree
31
Direct blow to iliac crest or abdominal musculature
hip pointer (contusion)
32
- Pain, spasm, swelling, transitory paralysis of soft structures
- Decreased rotation of trunk or thigh/hip flexion
hip pointer (contusion)
33
management of hip pointer (contusion) (2)
- RICE for 48hrs, ice massage, protection upon RTP
| - May need physician referral to rule out fracture
34
Formation of ectopic bone following direct blow, repeated blunt trauma, or improper care of thigh contusion
myositis ossificans
35
Pain, weakness, swelling, point tenderness, decreased ROM & function
myositis ossificans
36
after how many weeks do x rays start showing deposits during myositis ossificans
2-6 weeks
37
management of myositis ossificans (3)
- Manage conservatively
- Compression shorts work well
- Physician referral
38
etiology of trochanteric bursitis
Inflammation gluteus medius insertion or where ITB passes over the trochanter; direct trauma
39
Point tender over lateral greater trochanter; lateral hip pain that may radiate down the leg
trochanteric bursitis
40
can sometimes here the IT band snapping over the hip
trochanter bursitis
41
where does sciatic pain occur?
right inbetween the two hamstrings
42
with trochanteric bursitis where does the pain radiate?
down the side of the leg
43
management of trochanteric bursitis
| - must look at what?
RICE, NSAID’s ; ROM directed toward hip abductors and external rotators
- biomechanics and Q angle
44
Limited swelling and tightness • Near normal gait • Mild point tenderness & discomfort during palpation • Soreness during movement • <20% of fibers torn
(what grade of strain)
first grade
45
Pain and swelling noted on palpation • May note palpable divot • Pain with resisted muscle testing • Limping • Muscle spasm • <70% of fibers torn
(what grade of strain)
second grade
46
Rupturing tendinous or muscular tissue • Major hemorrhage & edema • Major disability and loss of function • Pain & palpable defect or mass • >70% of fibers torn
(what grade of strain)
third grade
47
Sudden stretch, or violent forceful contraction of hip and knee into flexion
quadriceps strain
48
S&S of quadriceps strain (7)
- pain
- swelling
- delayed bruising
- loss of function
- decreased ROM
- decreased strength of extensors
49
management of quadriceps strain
| 2
- RICE, crutches & wrap, later use of sleeve
| - Progress to pain free ROM, isometrics and stretching
50
how many weeks before RTP for a quadriceps strain
may require 12 weeks
51
Sudden overstretch into hyperextension
hip flexor strain
52
Pain, swelling, delayed bruising and disability, decreased ROM & extensor strength
hip flexor strain
53
management of hip flexor strain (4)
- RICE,
- crutches
- hip spica wrap,
- Flexor wrap
54
what way to you pull the wrap when wrapping a hip flexor?
medial to lateral
55
Over flexing hip and over stetch; sudden explosive contraction/acceleration
hamstring strain
56
4 other factors that can contribute to hamstring strain
1) fatigue
2) posture
3) leg length discrepancy
4) imbalances
57
hamstring strain has the same sign and symptoms as a hip flexor strain. these are: (6)
- pain
- swelling
- delayed bruising
- spasm
- disability
- decreased ROM and extensor strength
58
management of hamstring strain (3)
- RICE
- crutches
- wrap
- conservative treatment with gradual ROM & strengthening
59
Overstretch into abduction; abduction, External rotation & hip extension
adductor strain
60
Sudden twinge or tearing, pain, swelling, delayed bruising, decreased ROM & strength
(signs and symptoms of?)
adductor strain
61
management of adductor strain (3)
- RICE
- rest is key (crutches)
- hip spica wrap
62
with a adductor strain you usually complain about the pain being where?
up high
63
for wrapping a adductor strain you wrap which direction?
laterally to medially
64
Violent twisting with or without impact, forceful contraction or via trunk forced over planted foot in opposite direction
hip sprain (super rare)
65
sign of hip sprain ?
increased hip pain with a rotational movement
66
management of hip sprain (4)
- x rays to rule out fracture
- RICE
- Crutches
- delay ROM and strengthening until pain free
67
Rarely occurs in sport; traumatic force along long axis of the femur
hip dislocation
68
a hip dislocation is in what direction usually? and what orientation is leg usually in?
posterior dislocation with hip flexed and adducted and knee flexed
69
- Flexed, adducted and internally rotated hip
| - Deformity, pain, muscular spasm, neurological issues, possible fracture
hip dislocation
70
what injury will they screaming pain and there leg will look longer?
hip dislocation
71
management of hip dislocation (2)
- call 911 (immediate medical attention)
| - 2 weeks immobilization and crutch for at least 1 month
72
why do you need to call 911 right away with a hip dislocation?
blood and nerve supply may be severed
73
Requiring a great deal of force; fall from height, MVA, direct blow
femoral fracture
74
signs and symptoms of a femoral fracture (5)
- Pain, swelling, deformity (shorter appearance)
- Muscle guarding,
- hip is adducted and Externally rotated
75
management of femoral fracture (4)
- Call 911. Treat for shock, verify neurovascular status & vitals, splint before moving
- analgesics
- ice
- surgury and immobilization
76
with a femoral fracture why is it important to treat the injury as if it were life threatening ?
because if the femoral artery was cut, they only have 8 minutes to live
77
Overuse (10-25% of all stress fractures); endurance athletes; excessive downhill running or jumping activities
femoral stress fracture
78
Persistent pain in thigh/groin; antalgic gait; may have +ve Trendelenburg sign
femoral stress fracture
79
what does the pelvis usually do when running if there is a femoral stress fracture?
drop to one side
80
what fracture location tends to be more complicated and why?
lateral to femoral neck (more complicated) , shaft and medial # heal well with conservative management
81
Repetitive stress on pubic symphysis and adjacent mm; seen in distance runners,soccer, football, and wrestling
osteitis pubis
82
what condition is popular in pregnancy?
osteitis pubis
83
Chronic pain and inflammation of groin; point tender, pain with running, sit-ups & squats
osteitis pubis
84
an acute case of osteitis pubis may be caused from what?
bicycle seats
85
management of osteitis pubis (3)
- rest
- NSAIDS
- gradual return to activity
86
6 components of rehabilitation
1) good physical conditioning
- -> CV fitness, muscle strength and endurance
2) flexibility
3) strength
4) neuromuscular control
5) joint mobilization
6) closed kinetic chain exercises
