Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EPHE 344 > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how many bones and joints does the foot have?

A

26 bones and 34 joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what bone in the foot transfers all the forces and nothing attaches to it

A

the talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what joint usually gets hurt when you sprain your ankle

A

anterior talofibulous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Traction injury at Achilles insertion

A

severs disease (apophysitis of calcaneus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Pain occurs at posterior heel below Achilles attachment in children and adolescent athletes
  • Pain occurs during vigorous activity and ceases following activity
A

Severs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when a kid grows the bones first putting lots of pressure o the muscles and ligaments

A

severs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do you treat Severs disease?

A

Best treated with ice, rest, stretching and NSAID’s

-Heel lift could also relieve some stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the achillies tendon starts to yank on the heel bone creating fractures

A

severs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what can happen with severs disease?

A

the bone lays more bone and creates a bone bump, can be form bone or chronic inflammation (exocytosis= excessive outgrowth of bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Inflammation of bursa beneath Achilles tendon
  • Result of pressure and rubbing of shoe heel counter
  • Chronic condition that develops over time; may take extensive time to resolve; exostosis may develop
A

Retrocalcaneal Bursitis (Haglund’s Deformity or “Pump Bump”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pain w/ palpation superior and anterior to Achilles insertion, swelling on both sides of the heel cord

A

retrocalcaneal bursitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

management of retrocalcaneal bursitis

A
  • Manage inflammation

- Routine stretching of Achilles, heel lifts to reduce stress, donut pad to reduce pressure -Change footwear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Caused by sudden starts, stops or changes of direction, irritation of fat pad
  • Pain on the lateral aspect due to heel strike pattern
A

heal contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Severe pain in heel and is unable to withstand stress of weight bearing
  • Often warmth and redness over the tender area
A

heal contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management of heal contusions

A
  • Reduce weight bearing for 24 hours, RICE and NSAID’s

- Resume activity with heel cup or doughnut pad after pain has subsided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Any condition that compromises T D AN H

A

tarsel tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

May result from previous fracture, tenosynovitis, acute trauma or instability, excessive pronation

A

tarsel tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

tarsel tunnel syndrome lives under ?

A

underneath in the subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

after one sprain, you are more prone to more because?

A

the proprioceptors are out of wack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Burning, tingling & pain along medial and plantar aspect of foot, motor weakness and atrophy may result
  • Increased pain at night
A

tarsel tunnel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

management of tarsel tunnel syndrome

A

manage inflammation and orthodics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Poor biomechanics, wearing tight shoes, being overweight, trauma, or excessive exercise placing undo stress on arch

A

pes planus (looks like a flat arch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pain, weakness or fatigue in medial arch; flattened appearance of arch

A

pes planus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

management of pes planus

A

Leave it alone if not causing an issue Orthotics, arch taping if problems develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Higher arch than normal; associated with excessive supination, accentuated high medial longitudinal arch
pes cavus
26
-Poor shock absorption resulting in metatarsalgia, foot pain, clawed or hammer toes
pes cavus
27
Associated with forefoot valgus, shortening of Achilles and plantar fascia; heavy callus development on ball and heel of foot
pes cavus
28
management of pes cavus
- Leave it alone if not causing an issue - Orthotics should be used if problems develop (lateral wedge) - Stretch Achilles and plantar fascia
29
etiology of plantar fasciitis
- Tight heel cord - Cavus foot or hyperpronation - Change in footwear or training surface - Excessive training
30
Point tenderness medial heel/medial arch -‘first step’ pain
plantar fasciitis
31
management of plantar fasciitis
Orthoses/heel cup Arch taping Massage and vigorous stretching
32
metatarsel stress fractures are most common in what meta tarsels?
2nd MT followed by the 3rd MT, occasionally base of the 5th
33
Associated with increase in training, change in training surfaces, inappropriate footwear
metatarsel stress fracture
34
Over 2-3 weeks dull ache during exercise, progressing from diffuse to localized pain at rest
metatarsel stress fracture
35
management of metatarsel stress fracture
Limit WB activity; cross train with NWB activities; determine source of injury; gradual return to activity
36
- Caused by repetitive hyperextension of the great toe resulting in inflammation or landing on 1st MTP - Pes cavus
sesamoiditis
37
- Pain under great toe, especially during push off | - Palpable tenderness under first metatarsal head
sesamoiditis
38
management of sesamoiditis
- Treat with orthotic devices, including metatarsal pads, arch supports - Decrease activity to allow inflammation to subside
39
etiology of metatarsalglia
Tight gastroc-soleus complex or fallen arches
40
Transverse arch flattened, depressing 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsal bones and resulting in pain - Pain with WB activities, including walking, running & jumping - Cavus foot may also cause problem
metatarsaglia
41
management of metatarsaglia
- Elevate depressed metatarsal heads or medial aspect of calcaneus with pad or orthotic - RICE; footwear examination - Stretching heel cord and strengthening intrinsic foot muscles
42
Lateral deviation of hallus and exostosis of 1st metatarsal head; Bursa becomes inflamed and thickens, enlarging joint, and causing lateral misalignment of great toe
bunion (hallux, valgus deformity)
43
- Associated with previous injury; | - pronation, footwear, genetics
bunion
44
Bunionette (Tailor’s bunion) impacts ?causes ?
5th metatarsophalangeal joint | -medial displacement of 5th toe
45
- Tenderness, swelling, and enlargement of joint initially, resulting in angulation - Tendinitis in great toe flexors may develop
bunion
46
management of bunions
Wear correct fitting shoes, appropriate orthotics, pad over 1st metatarsal head, tape splint between 1st and 2nd toe - Engage in foot exercises for flexor and extensor muscles - Bunionectomy may be necessary
47
etiology of mortons neuroma
- Interdigital nerve irritation due to tumour or nerve entrapment - Excessive pronation can be a predisposing factor
48
Burning paresthesia and severe intermittent pain in forefoot, notably between 3rd & 4th MT heads - Pain relieved with non-weight bearing - Toe hyperextension increases symptoms
mortons neuroma
49
management of mortons neuroma
- Must rule out stress fracture - MT padding - Shoes with wider toe box - Surgical excision may be required
50
- Generally caused by kicking non-yielding object | - Hyperextension of the 1st MTP resulting in capsuloligamentous sprain
sprained toe
51
- Pain & immediate swelling and discoloration occurring w/in 1-2 days - Stubbed toe stiffness and residual pain will last several weeks - Sprained 1st MTP will present accordingly to 1st/2nd/3rd degree sprain; painful extension with walking/running/jumping
sprained toe
52
management of a sprained tow
- RICE, buddy taping toes to immobilize or turf toe taping - Shoe modification - Begin weight bearing as tolerable
53
Direct pressure, dropping an object on toe, kicking another object, repetitive shear forces on toenail - Improperly fit shoes, running downhill
subungual hemotoma
54
Accumulation of blood underneath toenail, extreme pain and ultimately loss of nai
subungual hemotoma
55
management of subungual hemotoma
- RICE immediately to reduce pain and swelling | - Relieve pressure within 12-24 hours (lance or drill nail) – must be sterile to prevent infection
56
Generally occurs in great toe • Result of lateral pressure from shoes, poor nail trimming, and repeated trauma
ingrown toe nail
57
signs and symptoms of an ingrown toe nail
Pain, swelling & redness around irritated section
58
management of ingrown toe nail
Conservative management includes soaking the inflamed toe in warm water (20 minutes) • Place cotton under edge of nail to clear from skin • If chronic, remove wedge of nail and apply antiseptic compress until inflammation resides • Physician may take more aggressive approach
59
prevention of ingrown toe nails
Properly fitting shoes and socks are essential • Weekly toenail trimming (cut straight across) • Leave nail long enough to clear skin
60
Most common form of superficial fungal infection – highly contagious
tinea pedis
61
tinea pedis signs and symptoms
Extreme itching on soles of feet, between and on top of toes • Appears as dry scaling patch or inflammatory scaling red papules forming larger plaques • May develop secondary infection from itching and bacteria
62
management of tinea pedis
Topical antifungal agents and good foot hygiene
63
Result of a shearing force that produces a raised area that accumulates with fluid
blisters
64
Hot spot, sharp burning sensation, painful • Superficial area of skin raised with clear fluid
blisters
65
prevention of blisters
Use of dust or powder or lubricant to reduce friction • 2 pairs of socks if feet are sensitive or perspire excessively • Appropriate shoes that are broken in • Pad hot spots; lubricants • Management – see wound care lab

EPHE 344 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions