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OS 203: Skin, Muscle, and Bones > Hip, Thigh, Leg, Knee, Foot > Flashcards

Hip, Thigh, Leg, Knee, Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest and most superficial joint?

A

Knee Joint

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2
Q

What kind of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

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3
Q

What are the three patellar stabilizers?

A

Vastus Medialis Insertion
Lateral Patellar Condyle
Joint Facets/Shape

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4
Q

What is the function of the bursae in the knee?

A

Provides lubrication

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5
Q

What happens with a Suprapatellar Bulge?

A

There is excess fluid inside the knee

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6
Q

What happens in a Baker’s Cyst?

A

The semimembranosus or synovial bursa behind the knee joint swells

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7
Q

What are the 6 dynamic stabilizers of the knee?

A 
Medial Collateral Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Menisci
Posterior Miniscofemoral Ligament (Lig. of Wrisberg)
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8
Q

Attachments of the Medial Collateral Ligament

A

Medial Femoral Epicondyle –> Superior Medial Surface of Tibia

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9
Q

The medial collateral ligament protects against what kind of force?

A

Valgus Force

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10
Q

Attachments of the Lateral Collateral Ligament

A

Lateral Femoral Epicondyle –> Lateral Sufface Head of Fibula

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11
Q

The Lateral Collateral Ligament protects against what kind of force?

A

Varus Force

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12
Q

Attachment of the ACL

A

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia -> Posterior Part

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13
Q

What is the second largest bone in the body?

A

Tibia

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14
Q

What kind of joint is the superior articulation of the tibia with the femoral condyle?

A

Synarthrosis

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15
Q

What kind of joint is the inferior articulation of the tibia with the talus?

A

Syndesmosis

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16
Q

How is the Fibula attached to the tibia?

A

Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

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17
Q

How does the Fibular articulate with the tibia?

A

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint and Distal Tibiofibular Joint

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18
Q

TF: The fibula directly articulates with the femur

A

False

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19
Q

The Tibia and Fibular are connected by (3)

A

Superior: Anterior Ligament of Fibular Head
Lateral: Interosseous Membrane
Inferior: Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament

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20
Q

Function of anterior compartment of leg

A

Ankle dorsiflexion and toe extension

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21
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg (4)?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius

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22
Q

Paralysis of the anterior compartment muscles leads to

A

Foot drop; inability to dorsiflex

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23
Q

What is the strongest dorsiflexor?

A

Tibialis anterior

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24
Q

Function of the Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Extends big toe

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25
Q

Where does the Extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

2nd and 5th toes

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26
Q

What two muscles are included in the Lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Brevis

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27
Q

Origin and Insertion of Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

A

O: Head and Proximal 2/3 of Lateral Fibula
I: Plantar base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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28
Q

Function of Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

A

Netter: Everts foot; weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle
Trans: Helps steady leg on foot when standing

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29
Q

Origin and Insertion of Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

A

O: Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lat. side of 5th metatarsal

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30
Q

Function of lateral compartment of leg

A

Pronation

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31
Q

The lateral compartment of the leg is bounded by (3)

A

Lateral Surface of Fibula
Deep Fascia
Anterior and Posterior Intermuscular Septa

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32
Q

Pulling of the Peronus Brevis causes what kind of fracture?

A

Ballet dancer’s fracture

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33
Q

What are the two compartments of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial Posterior Compartment

Deep Posterior Compartment

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34
Q

What muscles make up the Superficial Posterior Compartment

A

Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
(PlaGS)

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35
Q

This muscle is needed for the “push-off” phase of walking

A

Gastrocnemius

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36
Q

The “workhorse” of plantarflexion is

A

Soleus

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37
Q

The Triceps Surae

A

Gastrocnemius + Soleus

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38
Q

Function of the Superficial Posterior Compartment

A

Muscle movement that can lead to tip toes

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39
Q

Function of the Deep Posterior Compartment

A

Inversion and Supination

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40
Q

What muscle in the leg correlates to the Palmaris Longus of the UE?

A

Plantaris

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41
Q

The Plantaris inserts as the…

A

Calcaneous Tendon (Achilles Tendon)

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42
Q

What muscles make up the Deep Superficial Compartment?

A

Popliteus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior

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43
Q

This muscle forms the interior part of the floor of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteus

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44
Q

The populiteus originates from

A

Tendinous Origin: Lateral condyle of femur

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45
Q

The Flexor Hallucis Longus inserts

A

Tendon inserts into the big toe

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46
Q

The flexor Digitorum Longus inserts into…

A

Four lateral toes

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47
Q

What two muscles make up the “stirrup”

A

Tibialis Posterior and Peroneus Longus

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48
Q

The Sciatic Nerve is from the…

A

L4-S3 of saccral and coccygeal plexus

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49
Q

The Sciatic Nerve branches into what two nerves?

A 
Common Peroneal Nerve (Lateral)
Tibial Nerve (medial)
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50
Q

The Common Peroneal Nerve branches into the?

A

Superficial Peroneal Nerve

Deep Peroneal Nerve

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51
Q

What is innervated by the Superficial Peroneal Nerve

A

Lateral Compartment of Leg:

Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis

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52
Q

What is the cutaneous innervation of the Deep Peroneal Nerve?

A

Web between the hallux and second toe

53
Q

What does the Deep Peroneal Nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment of leg and foot

  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius)
  • Extensor Digitorum Brevis
  • Extensor Hallucis Brevis
54
Q

What two nerves does the Tibial Nerve branch into?

A

Medial Plantar Nerve

Lateral Plantar Nerve

55
Q

What passes through the Tarsal Tunnel?

A

Tibial Nerve
Tibial Artery
Deep Posterior Tendons

56
Q

The tibial nerve innervates what structures?

A

Posterior compartment of leg

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Plantaris
  • Soleus
  • Popliteus
57
Q

The Medial Plantar Nerve innervates what structures (5)?

A 
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Lumbricals (medial 1)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Skin of the medial side of the foot and sides of first three digits
58
Q

The Lateral Plantar Nerve innervates what structures (6)?

A 
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Quadratus Plantae
Lumricals (Lateral 3)
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Skin on lateral part of sole to a line splitting the 4th digit
59
Q

The union of what nerves leads to the Sural Nerve?

A

Branches of Tibial Nerve and Common Fibular Nerve

60
Q

What does the Sural Nerve innervate?

A

Skin on lateral side of foot

61
Q

The Saphenous Nerve is a branch of what nerve?

A

Longest cutaneous branch of Femoral Nerve

62
Q

What does the saphenous nerve innervate?

A

Skin on anteromedial side of leg

63
Q

Movement of dorsiflexion is limited by what?

A

Triceps Surae

64
Q

Dorsiflexion is produced by what muscles?

A

Muscles in the anterior compartment

  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
  • Peroneus Tertius
65
Q

Plantarflexion is produced by what muscles?

A

Muscles in the posterior compartment

  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
66
Q

The ankle is what kind of joint?

A

Talocrural articulation; hinge-type joint

67
Q

What motions can the ankle do?

A

Inversion and Eversion
Pronation and Supination through tarsal joint
*Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

68
Q

What are the three types of ligaments in the ankle?

A

Anterior and Posterior Inferior Tibulofibular Ligaments
Lateral Ligaments
Medial Ligaments

69
Q

The anterior and posterior inferior tibulofibular ligaments are what kind?

A

Syndesmosis

70
Q

The most commonly sprained ligament is…?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament (lateral)

71
Q

What are the three types of Lateral Ligaments?

A

Anterior Talofibular Ligament
Posterior Talofibular Ligament
Calcaneofibular Ligament

72
Q

From what to what does the anterior talofiular ligament run?

A

Anteromedially from Lateral Malleolus to Neck of the Talus

73
Q

From what to what does posterior talofibular ligament run?

A

Horizontally medially and slightly posteriorly from Malleolar Fossa to Lateral Tubercle of Talus

74
Q

From what to what does the Calcaneofibular Ligament run?

A

Posteroinferiorly from Tip of Lateral Malleolus to Lateral Surface of Calcaneus

75
Q

What are the seven tarsals of the foot?

A

Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiform (3)

76
Q

The Talus transmits weight from what to what?

A

Tibia to Calcaneus

77
Q

The largest and strongest bone in the foot is the what bone?

A

Calcaneus

78
Q

The calcaneus transmits weight from what to what?

A

Talus to the ground

79
Q

Which of the three tubercles contacts the ground?

A

Medial

80
Q

The Chopart’s Joint is between which two bones?

A

Talus and Calcaneus

81
Q

Which bone in the ankle has no muscular or tendinous attachments?

A

Talus

82
Q

The keystone in the arch of the foot is which bone?

A

Navicular

83
Q

The Hamstrings are strong ___ of the knee.

A

Flexors

Also help in extension of hip/thigh.

84
Q

What two branches form the sural nerve and from where do they come from?

A

Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve: Tibial Nerve

Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve: Common Peroneal Nerve

85
Q

The True Method for measurement uses the:

A

ASIS to Medial Malleolus

86
Q

The Apparent Method for measurement uses the:

A

Medial Malleolus to any part in the midline (umbilicus)

87
Q

Which part of the pelvic girdle is not palpable?

A

Lesser Trochanter

88
Q

Which part of the pelvic Girdle forms the dimples?

A

PSIS

89
Q

The two types of joints in the pelvic girdle are:

A

Symphysis

Syndesmosis

90
Q

What are the four ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Sacroiliac Ligament: From Sacrum
Iliolumbar Ligament: From lumbar spine
Sacrospinous Ligament: From sacrum going to spine of ischium
Sacrotuberos Ligament: Sacrum going to ischial tuberosit

91
Q

The Greater and Lesser Sciatic Notches are made by which two ligaments?

A

Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous Ligaments

92
Q

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?

A

Piriformis
Superior/Inferior GLuteal Vessels and Nerve
Sciatic and Post. Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
Internal Pudendal Vessels and Nerves

93
Q

What passes through the Lesser Sciatic Notch?

A

Obturator Internus Tendon
Internal Pudendal Vessels
Pudendal Nerve

94
Q

The hip joint is what type of joint?

A

Enarthrosis

95
Q

TF: The Acetabulum is completely covered by hyaline cartilage?

A

False

96
Q

What supplies 20% of blood to the head of the femur?

A

Ligamentum Teres Artery

97
Q

Pathway of Greater Sephenous Vein

A

Medial Side of foot -> Behind medial femoral condyle -> Medial Side of thigh -> FEMORAL VEIN

98
Q

What two veins form the Greater Sephenous Vein

A

Dorsal Vein of Hallux

Venous Arch of Foot

99
Q

What are the three Inguinal Tributaries?

A

Superficial Circumflex Iliac v.
Superficial Epigastric v.
Superficial Ext. Pudendal V.

100
Q

Pathway of Lesser Saphenous Vein

A

Lateral part of foot -> Ankle -> Posterior to leg -> POPLITEAL VEIN

101
Q

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, L3) becomes superficial after passing through the ___.

A

Inguinal Ligament

102
Q

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, L3) innvervates the

A

Lateral side of the thigh

103
Q

Lesion of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, L3) will cause…

A

Lack of sensation in the lateral side of the thigh

104
Q

The two branches of the Genitofemoral Nerve (L1, L2) are:

A 
Sensory Nerve (femoral Branch)
Motor Nerve
105
Q

The Sensory Nerve of the Genitofemoral Nerve gives sensation to

A

Anterior Inguinal Side

106
Q

The Motor Nerve of the Genitofemoral Nerve causes what reflex

A

Cremasteric Reflex (Scrotum)

107
Q

The Motor Nerve of the Genitofemoral Nerve also innervates the…

A

Superiormedial part of the thigh

108
Q

The Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve and the Saphenous Nerve both come from the…

A

Femoral Nerve

109
Q

The Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervates the

A

Anterior side of thigh

110
Q

The Saphenous Nerve innervates the

A

Medial side of Leg

111
Q

The Cutaneous branch of Obturator Nerve (L2, L4) innervates the

A

Medial side of the thigh

112
Q

The Cutaneous Branch of Obturator Nerve (L2, L4) travels through the

A

Obturator Foramen

113
Q

What are the Anterior Cutaneous Nerves? (5)

A 
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Genitofemoral Nerve
Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
Saphenous Nerve
Cutaneous Branch of Obturator Nerve
114
Q

What are the three Posterior Cutaneous Nerves?

A

Cluneal Nerves
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
Sural Nerve

115
Q

Where do the Cluneal Nerves innervate?

A

Gluteal Area

116
Q

Where does the Superior Cluneal Nerve come from?

A

Dorsal Rami of first three LUMBAR vertebra

117
Q

Where does the Middle Cluneal Nerve come from

A

Dorsal Rami of first three SACRAL Vertebra

118
Q

Where does the Inferior Cluneal Nerve come from?

A

Branch from Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

119
Q

The Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervates the

A

Posterior aspect of thigh, knee, and leg

120
Q

The Lateral Sural Nerve innervates the

A

Lateral aspect of the leg

121
Q

The Lateral Sural Nerve branches from the

A

Common Peroneal Nerve

122
Q

The Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve innervates the

A

Posterolateral aspect of leg

123
Q

The Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve branches from the

A

Tibial Nerve

124
Q

What is the condition when the antiversion of the femur is 125?

A

125: Coxa Valga

125
Q

High antiversion leads to what kind of condition?

A

“Piki”/”Toeing in”

126
Q

Toeing in is caused by the ____ of the femur.

A

Internal Rotation

127
Q

What is the strongest and biggest ligament connecting the pelvis and femur?

A

Iliofemoral

128
Q

The iliofemoral ligament prevents ____.

A

Hyper-extending

OS 203: Skin, Muscle, and Bones (4 decks)

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