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OS 203: Skin, Muscle, and Bones > Hip, Thigh, Leg, Knee, Foot > Flashcards

Hip, Thigh, Leg, Knee, Foot Flashcards

(128 cards)

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1
Q

What is the largest and most superficial joint?

A

Knee Joint

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2
Q

What kind of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

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3
Q

What are the three patellar stabilizers?

A

Vastus Medialis Insertion
Lateral Patellar Condyle
Joint Facets/Shape

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4
Q

What is the function of the bursae in the knee?

A

Provides lubrication

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5
Q

What happens with a Suprapatellar Bulge?

A

There is excess fluid inside the knee

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6
Q

What happens in a Baker’s Cyst?

A

The semimembranosus or synovial bursa behind the knee joint swells

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7
Q

What are the 6 dynamic stabilizers of the knee?

A 
Medial Collateral Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Menisci
Posterior Miniscofemoral Ligament (Lig. of Wrisberg)
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8
Q

Attachments of the Medial Collateral Ligament

A

Medial Femoral Epicondyle –> Superior Medial Surface of Tibia

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9
Q

The medial collateral ligament protects against what kind of force?

A

Valgus Force

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10
Q

Attachments of the Lateral Collateral Ligament

A

Lateral Femoral Epicondyle –> Lateral Sufface Head of Fibula

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11
Q

The Lateral Collateral Ligament protects against what kind of force?

A

Varus Force

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12
Q

Attachment of the ACL

A

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia -> Posterior Part

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13
Q

What is the second largest bone in the body?

A

Tibia

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14
Q

What kind of joint is the superior articulation of the tibia with the femoral condyle?

A

Synarthrosis

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15
Q

What kind of joint is the inferior articulation of the tibia with the talus?

A

Syndesmosis

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16
Q

How is the Fibula attached to the tibia?

A

Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

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17
Q

How does the Fibular articulate with the tibia?

A

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint and Distal Tibiofibular Joint

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18
Q

TF: The fibula directly articulates with the femur

A

False

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19
Q

The Tibia and Fibular are connected by (3)

A

Superior: Anterior Ligament of Fibular Head
Lateral: Interosseous Membrane
Inferior: Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament

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20
Q

Function of anterior compartment of leg

A

Ankle dorsiflexion and toe extension

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21
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg (4)?

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Peroneus Tertius

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22
Q

Paralysis of the anterior compartment muscles leads to

A

Foot drop; inability to dorsiflex

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23
Q

What is the strongest dorsiflexor?

A

Tibialis anterior

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24
Q

Function of the Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Extends big toe

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25
Where does the Extensor digitorum longus insert?
2nd and 5th toes
26
What two muscles are included in the Lateral compartment of the leg?
Peroneus Longus | Peroneus Brevis
27
Origin and Insertion of Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
O: Head and Proximal 2/3 of Lateral Fibula I: Plantar base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
28
Function of Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus
Netter: Everts foot; weakly plantarflexes foot at ankle Trans: Helps steady leg on foot when standing
29
Origin and Insertion of Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis
O: Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lat. side of 5th metatarsal
30
Function of lateral compartment of leg
Pronation
31
The lateral compartment of the leg is bounded by (3)
Lateral Surface of Fibula Deep Fascia Anterior and Posterior Intermuscular Septa
32
Pulling of the Peronus Brevis causes what kind of fracture?
Ballet dancer's fracture
33
What are the two compartments of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial Posterior Compartment | Deep Posterior Compartment
34
What muscles make up the Superficial Posterior Compartment
Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus (PlaGS)
35
This muscle is needed for the "push-off" phase of walking
Gastrocnemius
36
The "workhorse" of plantarflexion is
Soleus
37
The Triceps Surae
Gastrocnemius + Soleus
38
Function of the Superficial Posterior Compartment
Muscle movement that can lead to tip toes
39
Function of the Deep Posterior Compartment
Inversion and Supination
40
What muscle in the leg correlates to the Palmaris Longus of the UE?
Plantaris
41
The Plantaris inserts as the...
Calcaneous Tendon (Achilles Tendon)
42
What muscles make up the Deep Superficial Compartment?
Popliteus Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
43
This muscle forms the interior part of the floor of the popliteal fossa
Popliteus
44
The populiteus originates from
Tendinous Origin: Lateral condyle of femur
45
The Flexor Hallucis Longus inserts
Tendon inserts into the big toe
46
The flexor Digitorum Longus inserts into...
Four lateral toes
47
What two muscles make up the "stirrup"
Tibialis Posterior and Peroneus Longus
48
The Sciatic Nerve is from the...
L4-S3 of saccral and coccygeal plexus
49
The Sciatic Nerve branches into what two nerves?
``` Common Peroneal Nerve (Lateral) Tibial Nerve (medial) ```
50
The Common Peroneal Nerve branches into the?
Superficial Peroneal Nerve | Deep Peroneal Nerve
51
What is innervated by the Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Lateral Compartment of Leg: | Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis
52
What is the cutaneous innervation of the Deep Peroneal Nerve?
Web between the hallux and second toe
53
What does the Deep Peroneal Nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment of leg and foot - Tibialis Anterior - Extensor Digitorum Longus - Extensor Hallucis Longus - Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius) - Extensor Digitorum Brevis - Extensor Hallucis Brevis
54
What two nerves does the Tibial Nerve branch into?
Medial Plantar Nerve | Lateral Plantar Nerve
55
What passes through the Tarsal Tunnel?
Tibial Nerve Tibial Artery Deep Posterior Tendons
56
The tibial nerve innervates what structures?
Posterior compartment of leg - Gastrocnemius - Plantaris - Soleus - Popliteus
57
The Medial Plantar Nerve innervates what structures (5)?
``` Abductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Lumbricals (medial 1) Flexor Hallucis Brevis Skin of the medial side of the foot and sides of first three digits ```
58
The Lateral Plantar Nerve innervates what structures (6)?
``` Abductor Digiti Minimi Quadratus Plantae Lumricals (Lateral 3) Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Skin on lateral part of sole to a line splitting the 4th digit ```
59
The union of what nerves leads to the Sural Nerve?
Branches of Tibial Nerve and Common Fibular Nerve
60
What does the Sural Nerve innervate?
Skin on lateral side of foot
61
The Saphenous Nerve is a branch of what nerve?
Longest cutaneous branch of Femoral Nerve
62
What does the saphenous nerve innervate?
Skin on anteromedial side of leg
63
Movement of dorsiflexion is limited by what?
Triceps Surae
64
Dorsiflexion is produced by what muscles?
Muscles in the anterior compartment - Tibialis Anterior - Extensor Digitorum Longus - Extensor Hallucis Longus - Peroneus Tertius
65
Plantarflexion is produced by what muscles?
Muscles in the posterior compartment - Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Plantaris
66
The ankle is what kind of joint?
Talocrural articulation; hinge-type joint
67
What motions can the ankle do?
Inversion and Eversion Pronation and Supination through tarsal joint *Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion
68
What are the three types of ligaments in the ankle?
Anterior and Posterior Inferior Tibulofibular Ligaments Lateral Ligaments Medial Ligaments
69
The anterior and posterior inferior tibulofibular ligaments are what kind?
Syndesmosis
70
The most commonly sprained ligament is...?
Anterior talofibular ligament (lateral)
71
What are the three types of Lateral Ligaments?
Anterior Talofibular Ligament Posterior Talofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament
72
From what to what does the anterior talofiular ligament run?
Anteromedially from Lateral Malleolus to Neck of the Talus
73
From what to what does posterior talofibular ligament run?
Horizontally medially and slightly posteriorly from Malleolar Fossa to Lateral Tubercle of Talus
74
From what to what does the Calcaneofibular Ligament run?
Posteroinferiorly from Tip of Lateral Malleolus to Lateral Surface of Calcaneus
75
What are the seven tarsals of the foot?
Talus, Calcaneus, Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiform (3)
76
The Talus transmits weight from what to what?
Tibia to Calcaneus
77
The largest and strongest bone in the foot is the what bone?
Calcaneus
78
The calcaneus transmits weight from what to what?
Talus to the ground
79
Which of the three tubercles contacts the ground?
Medial
80
The Chopart's Joint is between which two bones?
Talus and Calcaneus
81
Which bone in the ankle has no muscular or tendinous attachments?
Talus
82
The keystone in the arch of the foot is which bone?
Navicular
83
The Hamstrings are strong ___ of the knee.
Flexors Also help in extension of hip/thigh.
84
What two branches form the sural nerve and from where do they come from?
Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve: Tibial Nerve | Lateral Sural Cutaneous Nerve: Common Peroneal Nerve
85
The True Method for measurement uses the:
ASIS to Medial Malleolus
86
The Apparent Method for measurement uses the:
Medial Malleolus to any part in the midline (umbilicus)
87
Which part of the pelvic girdle is not palpable?
Lesser Trochanter
88
Which part of the pelvic Girdle forms the dimples?
PSIS
89
The two types of joints in the pelvic girdle are:
Symphysis | Syndesmosis
90
What are the four ligaments of the pelvis?
Sacroiliac Ligament: From Sacrum Iliolumbar Ligament: From lumbar spine Sacrospinous Ligament: From sacrum going to spine of ischium Sacrotuberos Ligament: Sacrum going to ischial tuberosit
91
The Greater and Lesser Sciatic Notches are made by which two ligaments?
Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous Ligaments
92
What passes through the Greater Sciatic Notch?
Piriformis Superior/Inferior GLuteal Vessels and Nerve Sciatic and Post. Femoral Cutaneous Nerves Internal Pudendal Vessels and Nerves
93
What passes through the Lesser Sciatic Notch?
Obturator Internus Tendon Internal Pudendal Vessels Pudendal Nerve
94
The hip joint is what type of joint?
Enarthrosis
95
TF: The Acetabulum is completely covered by hyaline cartilage?
False
96
What supplies 20% of blood to the head of the femur?
Ligamentum Teres Artery
97
Pathway of Greater Sephenous Vein
Medial Side of foot -> Behind medial femoral condyle -> Medial Side of thigh -> FEMORAL VEIN
98
What two veins form the Greater Sephenous Vein
Dorsal Vein of Hallux | Venous Arch of Foot
99
What are the three Inguinal Tributaries?
Superficial Circumflex Iliac v. Superficial Epigastric v. Superficial Ext. Pudendal V.
100
Pathway of Lesser Saphenous Vein
Lateral part of foot -> Ankle -> Posterior to leg -> POPLITEAL VEIN
101
The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, L3) becomes superficial after passing through the ___.
Inguinal Ligament
102
The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, L3) innvervates the
Lateral side of the thigh
103
Lesion of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, L3) will cause...
Lack of sensation in the lateral side of the thigh
104
The two branches of the Genitofemoral Nerve (L1, L2) are:
``` Sensory Nerve (femoral Branch) Motor Nerve ```
105
The Sensory Nerve of the Genitofemoral Nerve gives sensation to
Anterior Inguinal Side
106
The Motor Nerve of the Genitofemoral Nerve causes what reflex
Cremasteric Reflex (Scrotum)
107
The Motor Nerve of the Genitofemoral Nerve also innervates the...
Superiormedial part of the thigh
108
The Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve and the Saphenous Nerve both come from the...
Femoral Nerve
109
The Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervates the
Anterior side of thigh
110
The Saphenous Nerve innervates the
Medial side of Leg
111
The Cutaneous branch of Obturator Nerve (L2, L4) innervates the
Medial side of the thigh
112
The Cutaneous Branch of Obturator Nerve (L2, L4) travels through the
Obturator Foramen
113
What are the Anterior Cutaneous Nerves? (5)
``` Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Genitofemoral Nerve Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Saphenous Nerve Cutaneous Branch of Obturator Nerve ```
114
What are the three Posterior Cutaneous Nerves?
Cluneal Nerves Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves Sural Nerve
115
Where do the Cluneal Nerves innervate?
Gluteal Area
116
Where does the Superior Cluneal Nerve come from?
Dorsal Rami of first three LUMBAR vertebra
117
Where does the Middle Cluneal Nerve come from
Dorsal Rami of first three SACRAL Vertebra
118
Where does the Inferior Cluneal Nerve come from?
Branch from Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
119
The Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve innervates the
Posterior aspect of thigh, knee, and leg
120
The Lateral Sural Nerve innervates the
Lateral aspect of the leg
121
The Lateral Sural Nerve branches from the
Common Peroneal Nerve
122
The Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve innervates the
Posterolateral aspect of leg
123
The Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve branches from the
Tibial Nerve
124
What is the condition when the antiversion of the femur is 125?
125: Coxa Valga
125
High antiversion leads to what kind of condition?
"Piki"/"Toeing in"
126
Toeing in is caused by the ____ of the femur.
Internal Rotation
127
What is the strongest and biggest ligament connecting the pelvis and femur?
Iliofemoral
128
The iliofemoral ligament prevents ____.
Hyper-extending

OS 203: Skin, Muscle, and Bones (4 decks)

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