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Neuroanatomy > Hippocampus > Flashcards

Hippocampus Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some principles that were developed using the hippomcapus?

A
  • identification of excitatory and inhibitory synapses
  • long-term potentiation and long-term depression
  • mechanisms of eplieptogenesis
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2
Q

What are some methodologies that were developed using the hippocampus?

A

-extracellular microelectrode recordings
-tetrode recrodings of single units from behaving animals
-intracellular recordings from CNS neurons
histochemical/immunohistochemical methods for localization of neurotransmitters and receptors

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3
Q

Is hippocampal structure generally conserved across humans, rats, and monkeys?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Henry Molaison

A
  • anterograde amensia after surgery to get rid of severe epilepsy
  • could not form new explicit memories, but was capable of procedural learning
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5
Q

The hippocampal formation has ____ ____ pathways

A

unidirectional excitatory pathways

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6
Q

perforant path

A

medial entorhinal cortex to dentate granule cells and CA3

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7
Q

Schaffer collaterals

A

CA3 axons from s. oriens project to s. radiatum of CA

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8
Q

If the hippocampus is a curved arrow, what structure is the arrowhead?

A

the dentate gyrus

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9
Q

What part of the hippcampus extends into the space of the dentate gyrus?

A

the hilus/polymorphic layer/CA4

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10
Q

Which CA region is closest to the arrow head?

A

CA3

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11
Q

Which CA region directly borders CA3?

A

CA2

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12
Q

What CA region lies above the dentate gyrus?

A

CA1

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13
Q

What makes up the hippocampus proper?

A

Ammon’s horn (Cornu Ammonis), Dentate Gyrus

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14
Q

What is fascia dentata?

A

the upper gyrus of the dentate gyrs; contains cell bodies and dendrites

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15
Q

What are the layers of the dentate gyrus? (in order from towards CA1 to bottom)

A
  • outer molecular layer
  • inner molecular layer
  • granular layer
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16
Q

Where do the cell bodies of granule cells lie? Dendrites?

A
  • cell bodies of granule cells are found in the granular layer of dentate gyrus
  • dendrites extend to inner and outer molecular layers of dentate gyrus
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17
Q

What are the layers of CA3?

A
  • stratum lacunosum moleculare
  • s. radiatum
  • s. lucidum
  • s. pyramidale
  • s. oriens
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18
Q

What does the hippocampal fissure separate?

A

dentate gyrus from CA1 and subiculum

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19
Q

What is the trisynaptic pathway?

A

DG to CA3, CA3 to CA1, CA1 to DG

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20
Q

What is s. oriens composed of?

A

basal dendrites of pyramidal cells and pyramidal cell axons

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21
Q

Where does the inner molecular layer recieve inputs from?

A

medial entorhinal cortex

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22
Q

Where does the outer molecular layer recieve inputs form?

A

lateral entorhinal cortex

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23
Q

Where do the dentate granule cells recieve inputs from?

A

mossy cells and commisural assoications

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24
Q

How does the layering of CA1 differ from CA3?

A

CA1 lacks s. lucidum

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25
What are layers of CA1? (top to bottom)
- s. oriens - s. pyramidale - s. radiatum - s. lacinosum moleculare
26
What is found in s. pyramidale?
cell bodies of pyramidal cells
27
Where do dendrites for s. pyramidale extend?
to s. oriens, as well as through s. lucidum, s. radiatum, and s. lacunosum moleculare
28
angular bundle
where projects form lateral and medial entorhinal cortex meet as they project
29
temporoammonic pathway
medial/lateral entorhinal cortex to s. lacinsoum moleculare of CA1
30
mossy fibers
dentate granule cells send primary axons through hilus to s. lucidum of CA3
31
What is a commisure?
a white matter tract that goes from one hemisphere to another
32
What kind of afferent inputs does the fimbira-fornix pathway recieve?
inputs from brain regions that are important for adding emotional context (so inputs from raphe and locus coeruleus)
33
What does fimbria mean?
fringe
34
What does fornix mean?
arch
35
What pathway is the major conduit for subcortical afferent and efferent connections?
fimbria-fornix pathway
36
Commissures are directed to both _____ and ____ fields in the contralateral hippocmpus?
homotopic (like CA3 to CA3) and heterotopic (CA1 to CA3)
37
What are the major functions of the dentate gyrus?
- associating location with other sensory inpus - spatial pattern separation based on metric info (differenitates between spatially close things) - encoding of new info (in conjunction with CA3) - novelty detection of spatial information
38
Why is the dentate gyrus referred to as the gate of the hippocampus?
it recieves many inputs, but it takes a lot to get an output out of the dentate gyrus
39
What is the role of DG granule cells in spatial learning and memory?
-conjunctive encoding of spatial and non-spatial information allows it to associate location with other multimodal sensory inputs
40
Novelty detection metric task:
- mouse explores arena with two far-apart objects - mouse is then romoved from chamber for a few minutes and everything is cleaned - mouse put bakc in chamber, except now objects are close together - if the animal used its DG to learn and remember the original spatial orientation, it will spend more time exploring the objects in their novel pattern
41
What are some major functions of CA3?
- short term memory due to recurrent collaterals that basically hold information in CA3 - aqusision/encoding of new info associated with muliple trials - arbitrary associates with an emphasis on a spatial component - object-spatial and temporal spatial pattern completion
42
What is pattern completion?
- using one sensory input to bring back a multimodal memory | - uses CA3 pyramidal cells
43
What are some CA1 functions?
- intermediate memory - emphasis on retrieval and consolidation of information - associations across time - temporal pattern separation - temporal pattern completion in sequence learning (in conjunction with CA3)
44
What is sequence learning?
learning a sequence of events step-by-step to get a reward
45
Is the entorhinal cortex part of the hippocampal proper?
No
46
What is the major input into the hippocampus proper?
the entorhinal cortex
47
What are the two subdivisions of the entorhinal cortex?
medial and lateral entorhinal cortex
48
Neurons in entrohinal cortex layer II and III form the ____ and so project into ____ and ____
perforant path; dentate gyrus and CA3
49
Which entorhinal cortex layer contains stellate neurons?
layer II
50
Which entorhinal cortex contains pyramidal neurons?
layer III
51
Where are grid cells found?
the entorhinal cortex
52
Grid cells fire with a ____ and ____ pattern
specific and sptaially reproductible grid-like pattern
53
Where are place cells found?
CA1
54
When do place cells fire?
a place cell will fire when an animal is in a very specific region of an arena (and not in any other areas)
55
CA1 s. lacunosum moleculare recieves input from:
entorhinal cortex layer III
56
CA1 s. radiatum and s. orients recieves inputs from:
the Schaffer collaterals
57
CA1 s. oriens projects to
subiculum and EC
58
CA3 s. lacunosum moleculare recieves inputs from:
EC layer II
59
CA3 s. radiatum recieves inputs from:
commisural associational
60
CA3 s. lucidum recieves inputs from:
mossy fibers
61
CA3 s. oriens recieves inputs from
commisural associational
62
CA3 s. oriens outputs to:
- CA1 via Schaffer collaterals | - fimbria

Neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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