Hirsch - Brain Structure

Question 1

Navigating the body

Answer 1

rostral
caudal
dorsal
ventral
medial
lateral

Question 2

rostral

Answer 2

anterior

towards the nose

Question 3

caudal

Answer 3

posterior

towards the tail or rear

Question 4

dorsal

Answer 4

superficial

towards the back

Question 5

ventral

Answer 5

inferior

towards the belly

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

towards the midline

Question 7

lateral

Answer 7

towards the side

Question 8

Nervous system

Answer 8

CNS

PNS

Question 9

CNS

Answer 9

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem
spinal cord

Question 10

PNS

Answer 10

somatic

visceral

Question 11

somatic

Answer 11

voluntary

Question 12

visceral

Answer 12

autonomic

ex. organs

Question 13

Gross Anatomical appearance of the brain

Answer 13

know anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral, lateral (right/left) views of a brain

Question 14

non-neural trappings of the brain - connective tissues

Answer 14

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater
ventricles

Question 15

dura mater

Answer 15

hard mother
leathery membrane
exterior anchored to cranium / interior to the pia

Question 16

pia mater

Answer 16

soft mother
film
capillaries nourish the brain - meet metabolic demand of brain

Question 17

arachnoid

Answer 17

spidery
network between dura and pia; attached to dura one side and pia on another side

• sub arachnoid space (between pia and arachnoid) is filled with cerebro-spinal fluid which is a shock absorber

Question 18

ventricles

Answer 18

brain spaces filled with cerebral spinal fluid

Question 19

Divisions of the Central Nervous System

Answer 19

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Spinal cord

Question 20

Forebrain

Answer 20

prosencephalon

Question 21

midbrain

Answer 21

mesencephalon

Question 22

hindbrain

Answer 22

rhombencephalon

Question 23

prosencephalon

Answer 23

telencephalon

diencephalon

Question 24

mesencephalon

Answer 24

Mesencephalon

Question 25

rhombencephalon

Answer 25

metencephalon | myelencephalon

Question 26

telencephalon

Answer 26

cerebral cortex basal ganglia etc

Question 27

diencephalon

Answer 27

thalamus hypothalamus etc

Question 28

mesencephalon

Answer 28

tectum | etc.

Question 29

metencephalon

Answer 29

cerebellum pons etc

Question 30

myelencephalon

Answer 30

medulla oblongata | etc

Question 31

cerebral cortex

Answer 31

``` hemisphere lobe cortex gyrus sulcus fissure ```

Question 32

Hemisphere

Answer 32

right and left hemisphere

Question 33

lobe

Answer 33

chunk of cortex | divided by deep groove

Question 34

cortex

Answer 34

layers | cerebral cortex = neocortex, archicortex, paleocortex

Question 35

gyrus

Answer 35

ridge

Question 36

sulcus

Answer 36

groove, valley

Question 37

fissure

Answer 37

deep sulcus

Question 38

Surface anatomy - lateral view | - know names with picture

Answer 38

``` (clockwise) temporal lobe brain stem cerebellum occipital lobe calcarine sulcus (or fissure) parietal lobe central sulcus frontal lobe lateral sulcus (or fissure) temporal lobe ```

Question 39

Surface anatomy - medial view | - know names with picture

Answer 39

``` (clockwise, spiral- out to in) medulla pons temporal lobe frontal lobe parietal lobe occipitallobe cerebellum midbrain hypothalamus corpus callosum thalamus ```

Question 40

brain tissue

Answer 40

``` grey matter white matter nuclei fascicles penduncles ```

Question 41

grey matter

Answer 41

cell bodies

Question 42

white matter

Answer 42

myelinated axons (fibers); fatty sheet

Question 43

nuclei

Answer 43

roughly circumscribed groups of cell bodies

Question 44

fascicles

Answer 44

bundle of fibers

Question 45

peduncles

Answer 45

thick bundles of fibers connecting big parts of the brain to other big parts of the brain

Question 46

three orthogonal planes of a brain

Answer 46

coronal - crown; front and back horizontal - looking to the horizon; up and down sagittal; right and left

Question 47

Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic apparatus

Answer 47

use landmarks on the skull serve as reference points latero-lateral (x) - sagittal dorso-ventral (y) - coronal rostro-caudal (z) - horizontal

Question 48

Talairach coordinate system

Answer 48

conceptually similar to the Horsley - Clarke system

Question 49

Localization of function

Answer 49

started as Phrenology - not true

Question 50

Phineas Gage

Answer 50

frontal lobe damage

Question 51

Broca

Answer 51

patient could not speak utter one word "tan" inferior frontal lobe

Question 52

Wernicke

Answer 52

superior temporal lobe | loss of ability to recognize words; unable to communicate

Question 53

motor homunculus

Answer 53

map of the body laid out over a specific region of the brain

Question 54

Brodmann

Answer 54

cytoarchitecture | different Brodmann areas correlate with different functions