Hist 202 Exam 3 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Economic goal of European imperialists in Africa
A
To connect Africa to world markets to profit Europeans
2
Q
Muhammad Ali’s action to raise money to pay for army and industrialization of Egypt
A
Developed commercial agriculture
3
Q
Majority of the migrants during the great migration of late 19th and early 20th centuries.
A
From Europe
4
Q
Consequence of the spread of Islam in Sudan
A
Written constitution was established
5
Q
Berlin Conference established the idea that European claims to African Territory were recognized by other states through this
A
Effective Occupation
6
Q
Cecil Rhodes and De Beers dominated this resource in African Trade
A
Diamonds
7
Q
“Great white walls” in America and Australia in the 1880s
A
Discriminatory laws against Asian migrants
8
Q
Location of massive foreign investments Europeans made as a result of trade growth
A
In other European countries, United States, Canada, Australia
9
Q
Builder of Suez Canal
A
A French company
10
Q
Disease that Quinine proved to be an effective protection against
A
Malaria
11
Q
Strongest country in Asia at end of 19th century
A
Japan
12
Q
Great revolt of 1857 came form this Indian resentment
A
Use of cattle grease by East India army
13
Q
India’s textile industry in 1900
A
Huge blow from loss of millions of jobs
14
Q
Indian National Congress’s demand concerning the government’s budget
A
Reduce poverty
15
Q
Countries of French Indochina in 1887
A
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
16
Q
Spanish possession seized by Commodore George Dewey for the US
A
Philippines
17
Q
Hong Xiuquan
A
- Leader of Taiping Rebellion.
- -Capital at Nanjing for decade
- -Equality between men and women.
- Claimed he was the younger brother of Jesus.
- Dreamed God became a sword.
18
Q
Reason of China’s problems during the Boxer Rebellion according to the Boxers
A
Foreign missionaries who criticized the nation
19
Q
Japan’s view of China during the Meiji era
A
Object lesson in dangers of not modernizing
20
Q
Zaibatsu def.
A
Japanese industrial conglomerates
21
Q
Cuba ended slavery in 1886, followed by this country in 1888
A
Brazil
22
Q
Dominant ideology in new nations of the former Spanish Empire after independence
A
Liberalism
23
Q
Characteristic of rule of caudillos in post-independence Spanish America
A
Personal charismatic leadership
24
Q
Emperor Pedro I in 1822 began rule of this country
A
Brazil
25
Characteristic of slave life during later years of Brazil's slave system
Slave resistance in all forms intensified
26
Relation between American liberal governments and modernization in the region
Worked hard to modernize all aspects of society
27
War of Triple Alliance began in 1865 when Paraguay attacked these countries
Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
28
Brazil's largest export at start of 20th century
Coffee
29
Consequence of Ten Years' War
Devastated Cuban countryside
30
Effects on Buenos Aires due to immigration and economic changes early 20th century
City became cosmopolitan metropolis of over 3.6 million
31
Post Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck's biggest concern was keeping this country isolated
France
32
Serbian grievance against Austrian Empire
Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908
33
Italy's reason for joining the Allied side
To gain Austrian territory
34
Germany's Schlieffen plan indication
Anticipation of war on two fronts simultaneously
35
Post-war reward for women in Britain, Germany, and Austria
Right to vote
36
Declarator of a provisional government in Russia, 1917
The Duma
37
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk concerning Russia
Gave up 1/3 of it's population
38
Immediate result of Germany refusing to make its second reparations payment in 1922
France + Belgium occupied the Ruhr district
39
Agreement in Locarno, Switzerland in 1925
Germany and France accepted their common border
40
Walter Gropius
Created Bauhaus school of architecture
41
Berlin Conference
Meeting of European leaders (1884-5) to lay down rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa
42
Afrikaners
Dutch descendant settlers in the Cape Colony in southern Africa
43
New Imperialism
Late 19th century drive by Europe to create political empires abroad
44
Young Turks
Fervent patriots, seized power in 1908 revolution forcing conservative sultan to implement reforms. Helped pave way for birth of modern secular Turkey
45
Great migration
Mass movement of people from Europe in 19th century, one reason West's impact on world was powerful and complex
46
Migration chain
Movement of peoples in which one strong individual blazes the way and others follow
47
Extractive Imperialism
Acquire resources
48
Ideological Imperialism
Spread ideas
49
Industrial Imperialism
Create/find new industry
50
Gandhi
Opposition to Imperialism:
- Used tech to protest tech
- Boycott on salt, burned British cards
- Challenged racism, got bad treatment for sitting first class on train.
- Sense of dignity and sense of heritage.
51
Henry Morton Stanley
Catalyst for African Imperialism:
- Explorer for King Leopold II
- Built Congo Infrastructure
- Sent to look for Dr. Livingstone
52
David Livingstone
Catalyst for African Imperialism
- Minister, doctor, explorer of Africa.
- Desired to end slavery to start industrialization.
53
King Leopold II
Belgium King, example of decline of monarchical power:
- Created Congan state, marketing covered it up.
- Rubber trees, missed quota = punishment
- Ivory exploitation
- 10mil natives dead
- Protestant missionaries testified against him.
54
Africa before and after European presence
1870: 80% land owned by natives.
1910: 100% owned by white men.
Scramble for natural resources.
55
Immigration late 19th, early 20th century
- Tech improved a ton.
- Famine forced families to move.
- Cities offered more jobs and opportunities.
56
Coolies
Indentured servants (employed to pay back passage) from India
57
US vs Argentina for Europeans
- Juan Bautista = father of Argentine Constitution, thought Europeans would civilize his nation.
- Economic (Irish potato famine)
- Religious (restoration)
- Political (Taiping rebellion)
58
Ottoman Empire's modernization
- Military reforms.
- Tanzimat: reforms to mirror a western European model.
- Technical and secular education.
- Not defended from western imperialism.
- Lost territory.
- Didn't regain power because reforms didn't go through.
- Ottoman initiative < appetite of western imperialism.
- Equal rights didn't generate state unity.
59
Egypt's modernization
- Military reforms.
- Technical and secular education
- Muhammad Ali: reformed gov and sought modern industry (went bankrupt, ruled by Britain).
- Ismail (grandson) sought European tech and capital to improve Egypt, (Suez canal completed).
- Debt, France and Britain appointed commissioners to oversee their finances.
60
Migration fuel and patterns
- Some governments encouraged their excess population to emigrate (Irish potato famine, Jewish discrimination, Taiping Rebellion, War).
- Pattern: 60 million from Europe to Americas, Australia, NZ, and Siberia.
- Pattern: Immigrants settled together to form tightknit communities.
61
Great Mutiny/Revolt
Terms used by British + Indians to describe last resistance of British rule over India (1857)
62
Indian National Congress
Political group formed in 1885 hat worked for Indian self-government
63
Indian Civil Service
Bureaucracy, administered India's gov. Entry through exams available to Indians but only in England
64
Opium War (1839-42)
Fought between GB and China over trade limitations and opium imports to China
65
Extraterritoriality
Legal principle, exempts individuals from local law. Applicable to china because of agreements reached after China's loss in opium war (face law of embassy v law of country)
66
Taiping Rebellion (1851-64)
Massive, believers in the religious teachings of Hong Xiuquan (destroyed ancestral temples, no opium, alcohol or foot-binding), 20 mil lives lost.
67
Russo-Japanese War (1904-5)
Russia v Japan over imperial influence + Manchuria (NE China territory)
68
China's decline in 19th century
Internal problems:
- Taiping rebellion.
- Modernization - Lack of consensus about Self-Strengthening Movement.
- Ecological disasters, EX: flooding.
69
India's changes under British rule
- Travel/communication between the two improved (faster, safer, more predictable, Suez canal, telegraph and railroads, but diseases spread through country).
- Ruled by British Parliament in place of East India Company.
- Outlawed slavery.
- New laws to improve lives of women (no more self-immolation, self-burning).
- India > China in tea exports in Europe.
- Middle class benefited from English educational system.
70
Treaty of Nanjing
- Stop to opium trade.
- Gave GB more ports.
- Made China indemnities for opium they destroyed + war causalities.
- Established extraterritoriality.
71
Caudillismo
Gov run by figures who rule through personal charisma and are supported by armed followers in Latin America
72
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Between USA and Mexico where Mexico gave large tracts of land to USA (1848)
73
Free womb laws
Laws passed across 19th century Americas to institute a gradual form of abolition that helped children born to slaves gain their freedom
74
Porfiriato
Regime of Porfirio Díaz, presided in Mexico 1876-80, 1884-1911
75
Plan de Ayala
Zapatista document during Mexican revolution that demanded the return of land, forests, and waters from government back to rural communities
76
Neocolonialism
Political and economic influence over regions after they have ceased to be formal colonies
77
Oligarchs
Few individuals in Latina America that had monopolized political and economic power since colonial era
78
Slavery lasted longer in US, Brazil, and Cuba, why?
- Economic gains for continued slavery (US = cotton belt, Cuba/Brazil = sugar).
- How resistance shaped abolition: slaves exerted pressure, slaves escaped in growing numbers.
79
Nation-state consolidation varying across the Americas
- Liberalism, manifest destiny.
- Caudillismo.
- Empire: Brazil goes from colony to nation under emperor and constitution.
- US constitution = earliest form of classic liberalism.
80
Simon Bolivar
Mexican revolutionist, passionate + energetic. Dream to create Gran Colombia
81
Jose de San Martin
Leader, quiet + reserved. Ceded control of revolution to Simon Bolivar.
82
Benito Juarez
Established la Reforma
83
Francisco Madero
Protestant, fam owned mils of acres. Advocated for free elections. Worker protections.
84
Emiliano Zapata
Ideological part of Mexican revolution came from him
85
Frida Kahlo + Diego Rivera
Impacted Mexican art - Focus on history and heritage
86
Juan Batista Alberdi
Father of Argentine constitution, wanted more white people from Europe to civilize his country more
87
Triple Entente
Alliance of Gb, France, Russia for WWI.
88
Total war
Practiced during WWI - Gov plans/controls everything about economic and social life to have greatest military effort
89
Petrograd Soviet
Counter-gov to 1917 Russian provisional gov. Huge org with thousands of workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals
90
League of Nations
Permanent international org established during 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avoid future wars
91
Dawes Plan
Product of 1924 WWI reparations commission. Accepted by Germany, France, GB. Reduced Germany's yearly reparations. Made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, granted Germany large loans from US to promote recovery
92
Modernism
Cultural movements that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past. Late 19 century to early 20th century.
93
Functionalism
Principle that buildings (like industrial products) should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.
94
Militarism
Military glorification, it is the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
95
Causes of WWI
Long-term:
- Imperial competition.
- Arms race (GB and germany), especially naval.
- Instability of Ottoman Empire due to Austria and Russia.
- Nationalism.
- Germany didn't sign non-aggression pact with Bismarck.
Immediate:
- Franco-Prussian War.
- Triple alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) v Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia)
- Serbian nationalism/expansion.
Conflict -> Global war
- Imperialism brought conflict to Middle East, Africa, Asia.
- GB, France, Russia, and US saw Germany as a threat.
- Japan allied with British to join the Entente
96
Anxieties of the postwar world expressed by revolutionary ideas in modern thought, art, and science and in new forms of communication
-Existentialism - search of moral values in an uncertain world.
-Motion pictures - entertainment turned to indoctrination. Escape from reality. Radio as well.
-Science: Thomson discovered subatomic particles. Einstein's theory that matter and energy are interchangeable.
Communication - Telegraph, radio, film.
97
Speaker 1 - Bill Holderstrum
- CEO of United Way (Volunteer opportunities) "solving global problems at a local level".
- First thesis - what they need vs what we think they need.
- You don't know what they need until you know what they have.
- Serve with heart might mind and strength.
- If you wait, you won't do.
- Connect to serve BETTER.
98
Speaker 2 - Eric Dyches
- CEO of The Emily Effect (mental wellness)
- Post-partum anxiety, wife gave up after 5th child.
- 1/5 Utah mothers will have complications with mental health.
- 1/5 US adults experienced mental illness in 2019, 51 million adults, only 43% received treatment.
- NAMI = National Alliance on Mental Illness.
- Moms = Headwaters of society.
99
Patti Cook
Personal, powerful, Childhood, family dynamic, use statistics in "how to" of a personal narrative.
