Histo: GI tract: mouth --> Rectum

Question 1

oral cavity?

Answer 1

startified squamous noncornified

Question 2

3 salivary glands?

Answer 2

1. parotid
2. submandibular
3. sublingual

Question 3

salivary gland products?

Answer 3

1. salivary amylase –> carbs
2. lactoferrin and lysozymes –> antibacterial
3. secretaory IgA: immune
   4: HCO3-: minimizes tooth decay and neutralizes heart burn

Question 4

Parotid gland

Answer 4

dark pink cells
H20 based
SEROUS
product: salivary amylase

Question 5

Submandibular gland

Answer 5

mixed: MOSTLY SEROUS
serous demilunes created
serous: produce salivary amylase
mucous: produce mucins

Question 6

Sublingual glands

Answer 6

“light pink cells” fat based

Mixed, MOSTLY MUCOUS

Question 7

crown

Answer 7

visible portion of teeth

Question 8

cervix

Answer 8

neck of tooth

Question 9

alveolous

Answer 9

bony socket of tooth

Question 10

enamel

Answer 10

made by ameoblasts before rupturing

Question 11

dentin

Answer 11

made by odontoblasts, can be regenerated, not as hard as enamel

Question 12

glands of tongue

Answer 12

mucous: fatty, light pink = glands of Nuhn
serous: darker pink; H2o based = von ebner’s glands

Question 13

sulcus terminalis

Answer 13

separates anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3

Question 14

foramen cecum

Answer 14

deep concavity in middle of tongue

Question 15

4 lingual papillae?

Answer 15

1. Filliform: “scrapers” no taste buds
2. Fungiform: “mushrooms” have taste buds
3. Circumvallate: 8-12, anterior to sulcus terminalis, have taste buds.
4. Foliate papillae: vertical furrows, no taste buds

Question 16

ductal cells of salivary gland

Answer 16

reabsorb Na/Cl ; secrete K/HCO3

results in hypotonicity of saliva

Question 17

4 layers of gut tube?

Answer 17

1. Mucosa (epithelium, LP, Muscularis mucosa)
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. adventitia/serosa

Question 18

Mucosa

Answer 18

innermost layer

1. epithelium: protective, secratory, absorptive
2. LP: loose CT tissue
3. muscularis mucosa: inner circular layer, outer longitudinal layer

Question 19

submucosa

Answer 19

layer of CT w/ elastic fibers
provides mobility for mucosa
contains plexuses, nnn. PS ganglia

Question 20

muscularis externa

Answer 20

maintains tone, propels bolus

inner circular layer, outer longitudinal layer

Question 21

adventitia/serosa

Answer 21

outermost layer of dense CT

SEROSA = completely covered

Question 22

pits/crypts

Answer 22

invaginations of GI tract as progresses down

evaginations = vili

Question 23

goblet cells

Answer 23

increase in number as go down GI tract

NO GOBLET CELLS IN STOMACH

Question 24

esophagus

Answer 24

stratified squamous, noncornified

submucosa: in star shape

Question 25

cardioesophageal jn.

Answer 25

cardiac sphincter | change from stratified squamous to simple columnar

Question 26

stomach

Answer 26

simple columnar | submucosa: extended into ruggae

Question 27

cardiac region

Answer 27

surface mucous cells | undifferentiated cells

Question 28

fundic region

Answer 28

mucous neck cells parietal cells zymogenic chief cells enteroendocrine cells

Question 29

pyloric region

Answer 29

mucous neck cells | G cells

Question 30

surface mucous cells:

Answer 30

secrete pH neutral mucous to protect stomach epithelium

Question 31

mucous neck cells

Answer 31

secrete acidic mucous and HCO3-

Question 32

parietal cells

Answer 32

secrete HCl which activates pepsinogen | secrete IF

Question 33

chief cells

Answer 33

produce enzymes pepsinogen: protein digesetion | lipase: initiates fat digestion

Question 34

gastric enteroendocrine cells " G cells"

Answer 34

secrete gastrin

Question 35

microvilli

Answer 35

cytoplasmic projectsions seen throughout GI

Question 36

villi

Answer 36

seen only in small intestine

Question 37

plicae circulares

Answer 37

seen in SI - circular folds | none seen in ileum

Question 38

3 glands of small intestine?

Answer 38

exocrine glands: pancreas and liver submucosal glands: "brunner's glands" secrete mucous; basic pH intestinal crypts: mucosal glands

Question 39

small intestine

Answer 39

simple columnar epithelium 1. enteroendocrine cells 2. paneth cells 3. M cells

Question 40

enteroendocrine cells

Answer 40

secrete GIP, somatostatin, motilin, produce hormones to stimulate cells

Question 41

paneth cells

Answer 41

secrete lysozyme and peptide defensins to defend against bacteria

Question 42

M cells

Answer 42

capture Ag's and present to APs in SI

Question 43

Peyer's patches

Answer 43

lymph nodules where m cells are found in SI

Question 44

large intestines

Answer 44

no villi intestinal crypts are longer and more closely packed simple columnar epithelium numerous goblet cells

Question 45

plica semilunares

Answer 45

produce sacculation of haustra b/c of longitudinal layer of tenia coli

Question 46

rectum

Answer 46

muscularis externa incomplete | plicae transversales: 2 lt, 1 rt

Question 47

rectoanal junction

Answer 47

where retum becomes anal canal

Question 48

pectinate line

Answer 48

peithelium changes from endodermally derived simple columnar to ectodermally derived stratified squamous non-cornified

Question 49

anal verge

Answer 49

becomes stratified squamous cornified | termination of anal canal