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Posterior Body Wall Flashcards

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1
Q

features of kidney

A
  • primary retroperitoneal
  • located in paravertebral gutter
    right kidney: TV12-LV3; left kidney: TV11-LV2

anteriorly: right kidney: lies liver, duodenum, ascending colon

Anteriorly: left kidney: lies stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon

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2
Q

features of kidney

A
  • primary retroperitoneal
  • located in paravertebral gutter
    right kidney: TV12-LV3; left kidney: TV11-LV2

anteriorly: right kidney: lies liver, duodenum, ascending colon

Anteriorly: left kidney: lies stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon

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3
Q

Renal fat

A

Pararenal fat is found external to the renal fascia

Perirenal fat is found b/w the kidney and renal fascia

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4
Q

Renal Cortex

A

glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules

contains medullary rays

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5
Q

Renal Medulla

A

primarily contains collecting tubules organized into renal pyramids
- also contains cortical columns
- renal papillae: apex of renal pyramid; directed toward renal sinus
minor calyx = surround and drain renal papillae –> drain into major calyx

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6
Q

Renal Arteries

A

lateral paired branches of aorta (LV1/LV2)

- right renal aa. is longer than left and passes posterior to IVC

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7
Q

Renal vv.

A

course anterior to renal aa.

  • drain directly to IVC
  • left renal v. is longer and also receives left gonadal, left inferior phrenic, and left suprarenal v. before joining the IVC
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8
Q

Renal v. entrapment

A

“nutcracker syndrome”
left renal v. passes b/w SMA and aorta and can be compressed
- may cause hematuria, ab. pain, left testicular pain

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9
Q

ureter

A

primary retroperitoneal

- transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder

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10
Q

3 constriction sites of ureter

A

where kidney stones often lodge

  • renal pelvis/ureteric jn.
  • passage over pelvic brim
  • entry into urinary bladder
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11
Q

arterial supply of ureter

A

upper 1/3: renal a/v

middle: gonadal, aorta, common iliac
lower: internal illiac

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12
Q

suprarenal glands

A

fn: endocrine organ; secretes coritsol, Aldo, Epi, NE
- primary retroperitoneal
- cortex: production of steroids
- medulla: production of symp. neurons
- arterial supply: superior, middle, inferior suprarenal aa.
- venous drainage via suprarenal v. (rt. drains directly to IC, left is joined with inferior phrenic v. before draining to IVC)
- lymph drainage to lumbar lymph nodes

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13
Q

central tendon of diaphragm

A

3 leaves: right, left, central

- attached to pericardium via pericardiacophrenic ligament

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14
Q

3 muscular parts of diaphragm

A

sternal: small, anterior portion attached to xiphoid
costal: large lateral, attached to internal surfaces of ribs 7-12
lumbar portion:
- right crus: attaches LV1-3
- left crus: attaches LV1-2

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15
Q

Median arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch b/w right and left crura

forms aortic hiatus TV12

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16
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch spanning from body to transverse process of LV1
- arches over psoas major

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17
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch spanning from transverse process of LV1 to 12th rib - arches over quadratus lumborum

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18
Q

lumbocostal triangle

A

area of muscular weakness between costal and lumbar portions of diaphragm - common site for abdominal viscera to herniate through into thorax

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19
Q

Caval hiatus

A

TV8

- within central tendon

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20
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

TV10
passes through right crus
transmits esophagus, ant/post vagal trunks, branches of left gastric a.

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21
Q

aortic hiatus

A

TV12
passes betwen left and rigth crus
transmits aorta and thoracic duct

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22
Q

phrenic n.

A

C3,4,5

diaphragm

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23
Q

phrenic nerve sectioning

A

results in paralysis of 1/2 of diaphragm - and permanent elevation of diaphragm and paradoxical mvmt. during respiration

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24
Q

where does diaphragm pain refer?

A

C3,4,5 and thoracic wall from intercostal nn.

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25
arterial supply of diaphragm
superior phrenic aa. from thoracic aorta inferior phrenic aa. from abdomina aorta pericadiacophrenic and musculophrenic from internal thoracic a.
26
venous drainage of diaphragm?
superior phrenic v. to IVC pericardiacophrenic vv. and musculophrenic vv. to internal thoracic v. inferior phrenic v. (right to IVC left merges with suprarenal v.)
27
lymph drainage of diaphragm
eventually all go to thoracic duct
28
Psoas Major
O: bodies and transverse proceses of TV12-LV5; intervertebral bodies I: lesser trochanter A: flexion of thigh, flexion of vertebral column N: ventral rami L1-3`
29
Psoas Minor
O: bodies TV12-LV1; intervertebral disc I: iliopectineal eminence A: flexion of vertebral column N: vnetral rami of L1
30
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter A: flexion of thigh N: femoral n.
31
Quadratus lumoborum
O: iliac crest I: 12th rib A: extends/sides bends INSPIRATION N: ventral rami T12-L4
32
Iliopsos test
pain upon extension of thigh can indicate abdominal infection b/c relation of psoas major to viscera of kidneys, ureters, pancreas, appendix, cecum, sigmoid colon. infection can spreads from these organs to psoas
33
subcostal n.
T12 | - provides cutaneous and motor innervation to anterior body wall
34
lumbar plexus
ventral rami L1-5 provides sensory innervation to lower abdomen provides motor to anteroloateral abdominal wall, posterior abdominal wall, lower limb
35
iliohypogastric n
L1 suprapubic forms posterior to medial arcuate ligament; arches over quadratus lumboarum, pierces transversus abdominis to run b/w it and IAO - near ASIS pierces IAO and runs between EAO - ends by providing suprapubic cutaneous branches
36
ilioinguinal n.
L1 - inferior to iliohypogastric - near ASIS pierces IAO to run b/w EAO - enters inguinal canal and provides anterior scrotal/anterior labial branches
37
femoral n.
L2-4 lateral to psoas major, runs across iliacus to pass deep to inguinal ligament - motor and sensory to lower limb
38
lateral cutaneous femoral n.
L2,3 | - lateral to psoas major, passes under inguinal ligament near ASIS to enter thigh, provides sensory info to thigh
39
genitofemoral n.
L1,2 - pierces psoas major - genital branch enters inguinal canal to innervate cremaster muscle - femoral branch passes under inguinal ligament to provide cutaneous innervation to anterior thigh
40
obturator n.
L2-4 | - medial to psoas major, runs alonger lateral pelvic wall, provides sensory and motor to medial thigh
41
lumbosacral trunk
L4-5 | - descends over pelvic brim to join sacral plexus
42
Branches of aorta
``` inferior phrenic a. TV12 celiac trunk TV12 SMA LV1 Middle suprarenal LV1 Renal LV1/2 Gonadal LV2 IMA LV3 median sacral LV4 common iliac LV4 ```
43
anterior branches of aorta
celiac: T12 SMA: L1 IMA L3
44
Posterolateral branches of aorta
Subcostal T12 Inferior phrenic T12 Lumbar L1-4
45
Posterolateral branches of aorta
Subcostal T12 Inferior phrenic T12 Lumbar L1-4
46
Renal fat
Pararenal fat is found external to the renal fascia | Perirenal fat is found b/w the kidney and renal fascia
47
Renal Cortex
glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules | contains medullary rays
48
Renal Medulla
primarily contains collecting tubules organized into renal pyramids - also contains cortical columns - renal papillae: apex of renal pyramid; directed toward renal sinus minor calyx = surround and drain renal papillae --> drain into major calyx
49
Renal Arteries
lateral paired branches of aorta (LV1/LV2) | - right renal aa. is longer than left and passes posterior to IVC
50
Renal vv.
course anterior to renal aa. - drain directly to IVC - left renal v. is longer and also receives left gonadal, left inferior phrenic, and left suprarenal v. before joining the IVC
51
Renal v. entrapment
"nutcracker syndrome" left renal v. passes b/w SMA and aorta and can be compressed - may cause hematuria, ab. pain, left testicular pain
52
ureter
primary retroperitoneal | - transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder
53
3 constriction sites of ureter
where kidney stones often lodge - renal pelvis/ureteric jn. - passage over pelvic brim - entry into urinary bladder
54
arterial supply of ureter
upper 1/3: renal a/v middle: gonadal, aorta, common iliac lower: internal illiac
55
suprarenal glands
fn: endocrine organ; secretes coritsol, Aldo, Epi, NE - primary retroperitoneal - cortex: production of steroids - medulla: production of symp. neurons - arterial supply: superior, middle, inferior suprarenal aa. - venous drainage via suprarenal v. (rt. drains directly to IC, left is joined with inferior phrenic v. before draining to IVC) - lymph drainage to lumbar lymph nodes
56
central tendon of diaphragm
3 leaves: right, left, central | - attached to pericardium via pericardiacophrenic ligament
57
3 muscular parts of diaphragm
sternal: small, anterior portion attached to xiphoid costal: large lateral, attached to internal surfaces of ribs 7-12 lumbar portion: - right crus: attaches LV1-3 - left crus: attaches LV1-2
58
Median arcuate ligament
tendinous arch b/w right and left crura | forms aortic hiatus TV12
59
medial arcuate ligament
tendinous arch spanning from body to transverse process of LV1 - arches over psoas major
60
lateral arcuate ligament
tendinous arch spanning from transverse process of LV1 to 12th rib - arches over quadratus lumborum
61
lumbocostal triangle
area of muscular weakness between costal and lumbar portions of diaphragm - common site for abdominal viscera to herniate through into thorax
62
Caval hiatus
TV8 | - within central tendon
63
esophageal hiatus
TV10 passes through right crus transmits esophagus, ant/post vagal trunks, branches of left gastric a.
64
aortic hiatus
TV12 passes betwen left and rigth crus transmits aorta and thoracic duct
65
phrenic n.
C3,4,5 | diaphragm
66
phrenic nerve sectioning
results in paralysis of 1/2 of diaphragm - and permanent elevation of diaphragm and paradoxical mvmt. during respiration
67
where does diaphragm pain refer?
C3,4,5 and thoracic wall from intercostal nn.
68
arterial supply of diaphragm
superior phrenic aa. from thoracic aorta inferior phrenic aa. from abdomina aorta pericadiacophrenic and musculophrenic from internal thoracic a.
69
venous drainage of diaphragm?
superior phrenic v. to IVC pericardiacophrenic vv. and musculophrenic vv. to internal thoracic v. inferior phrenic v. (right to IVC left merges with suprarenal v.)
70
lymph drainage of diaphragm
eventually all go to thoracic duct
71
Psoas Major
O: bodies and transverse proceses of TV12-LV5; intervertebral bodies I: lesser trochanter A: flexion of thigh, flexion of vertebral column N: ventral rami L1-3`
72
Psoas Minor
O: bodies TV12-LV1; intervertebral disc I: iliopectineal eminence A: flexion of vertebral column N: vnetral rami of L1
73
Iliacus
O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter A: flexion of thigh N: femoral n.
74
Quadratus lumoborum
O: iliac crest I: 12th rib A: extends/sides bends INSPIRATION N: ventral rami T12-L4
75
Iliopsos test
pain upon extension of thigh can indicate abdominal infection b/c relation of psoas major to viscera of kidneys, ureters, pancreas, appendix, cecum, sigmoid colon. infection can spreads from these organs to psoas
76
subcostal n.
T12 | - provides cutaneous and motor innervation to anterior body wall
77
lumbar plexus
ventral rami L1-5 provides sensory innervation to lower abdomen provides motor to anteroloateral abdominal wall, posterior abdominal wall, lower limb
78
iliohypogastric n
L1 suprapubic forms posterior to medial arcuate ligament; arches over quadratus lumboarum, pierces transversus abdominis to run b/w it and IAO - near ASIS pierces IAO and runs between EAO - ends by providing suprapubic cutaneous branches
79
ilioinguinal n.
L1 - inferior to iliohypogastric - near ASIS pierces IAO to run b/w EAO - enters inguinal canal and provides anterior scrotal/anterior labial branches
80
femoral n.
L2-4 lateral to psoas major, runs across iliacus to pass deep to inguinal ligament - motor and sensory to lower limb
81
lateral cutaneous femoral n.
L2,3 | - lateral to psoas major, passes under inguinal ligament near ASIS to enter thigh, provides sensory info to thigh
82
genitofemoral n.
L1,2 - pierces psoas major - genital branch enters inguinal canal to innervate cremaster muscle - femoral branch passes under inguinal ligament to provide cutaneous innervation to anterior thigh
83
obturator n.
L2-4 | - medial to psoas major, runs alonger lateral pelvic wall, provides sensory and motor to medial thigh
84
lumbosacral trunk
L4-5 | - descends over pelvic brim to join sacral plexus
85
Branches of aorta
``` inferior phrenic a. TV12 celiac trunk TV12 SMA LV1 Middle suprarenal LV1 Renal LV1/2 Gonadal LV2 IMA LV3 median sacral LV4 common iliac LV4 ```
86
anterior branches of aorta
celiac: T12 SMA: L1 IMA L3
87
lateral branches of aorta
suprarenal L1 Renal L1 Gonadal L2
88
Posterolateral branches of aorta
Subcostal T12 Inferior phrenic T12 Lumbar L1-4

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