histo gynae

Question 2

PID definition

Answer 2

acending infection from vagina and cervix to uterus and tubes resulting in inflammations and adhesions

Question 3

complications of PID

Answer 3

ectopic pregnancy ectopic pregnanc tubo-ovarian abscess plical fusion peritonits Fits-High-Curtis syndrome

Question 4

Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome symptoms and signs

Answer 4

RUQ pain perihepatitis violing string peri-hepatic adhesion

Question 5

three theories of endometriosis aetiology

Answer 5

1. retrograde menstruation 2. metaplastic transformation of coelomic cells 3. lyphatic/ vascular dissemination of endometrial tissue

Question 6

symptoms of endometriosis

Answer 6

dyspareunia pelvic pain dysmennorhea cyclical PR/ umbilbial bleeding fixed retroverted uterus nodules in vagina/ fornix

Question 7

macroscopic signs of endometriosis

Answer 7

red-blue to brown nodules “powder burns” chocolate cysts

Question 8

microscopic signs of endomedtriosis

Answer 8

endometrial glands and stroma

Question 9

adenomyosis definition

Answer 9

ectopic endometrial tissue deep within myometrium

Question 10

adenomyosis symptoms

Answer 10

deep dyspareunia HMB dysmenorrhea

Question 11

signs ofadenomyosis

Answer 11

globular uterus

Question 12

definition of leiomyoma

Answer 12

benign tumour of smooth muscle origin in femal genital tract

Question 13

symptoms of leiomyoma

Answer 13

HMB dysmenorrhea pressure effects e.g. urinary frequency

Question 14

complication of leiomyoma

Answer 14

post partum torsion red degeneration in pregnancy transformation to leiomyosarcoma

Question 15

what causeses leiomyoma to grow

Answer 15

oestrogen therefore grows in pregnancy and shriks in menopause

Question 16

PMB is what until proved otherwise

Answer 16

endometrial carcinoma

Question 17

risk factors for endometrial carcinoma

Answer 17

nullioparity early menarche, late menopause tamoxifen

Question 18

what type of tumour is in endometrial cancer

Answer 18

adenocarcinoma although may have some squasmous differentiation

Question 19

how is endometrial cancer staged

Answer 19

FIGO

Question 20

what is pagets disease of the vulva

Answer 20

adenocarcinoma in situ

Question 21

what is VIN associated with

Answer 21

HPV16

Question 22

what is usual type of VIN

Answer 22

warty/ basaloid/ mixed

Question 23

differnetiated type of VIN

Answer 23

more likely to progress to SCC

Question 24

subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer

Answer 24

serous cystadenoma mucinous cystadenoma endometroid clear cell

Question 25

serous cystadenoma cell type

Answer 25

columnar epithelium

Question 26

microscopic findings o n serous cystadenoma ovarian cancer

Answer 26

psammoma bodies

Question 27

what cell types are involved in mucinous cystadenoma in ovarian cancer

Answer 27

mucinous secreting cellls

Question 28

what is psueudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 28

metatastatic spread of mucinou cystadenoma from the apendix

Question 29

what do mucinous cystadenoma (ovarain ca) produce

Answer 29

oestrogen

Question 30

what cell type is involved in endometroid ocvarian cancer

Answer 30

endometrium mimicks tubular cells

Question 31

what are the microscopic findings in cleazr cell ovarian cancer

Answer 31

intracellular glycogen abundant cytoplasm hobnail appearance

Question 32

what is the prognosis in clear cell ovarian cancer

Answer 32

poor

Question 33

dysgerminoma (female)

Answer 33

female equivalent of testicular seminom

Question 34

how are dysgerminomas treated

Answer 34

radiotherapy

Question 35

are dysgerminomas benign or malignant

Answer 35

benign in adults malignant in children

Question 36

teratomas secrete what (gynae)

Answer 36

AFP

Question 37

what is the other name for a mature teratoma

Answer 37

dermoid cyst

Question 38

what do choriocarcinomas usually secrete

Answer 38

HCG MALIGNANT

Question 39

location of teratoma

Answer 39

bilateral

Question 40

what condition is fibroma associated with (ovarian)

Answer 40

Meig's syndrome

Question 41

what is Meig's syndrome

Answer 41

ovarian fibroma +ascites+ pleural effusion

Question 42

what the the three subtypes of sex cord tumours

Answer 42

fibroma granulosa-theca cell tumour sertoli-leydig cell tumour

Question 43

what do granulosa-theca cell tumours produce

Answer 43

oestrogen

Question 44

what do sertoli leydig cell tumours produce

Answer 44

androgens

Question 45

what are symptoms of granulosa-theca cell tumours

Answer 45

irregular periods, breat enlargment

Question 46

what are symptoms of sertoli-leydig cell tumours

Answer 46

virilisation enlarged clitoris deep voice breast atrophy

Question 47

what does the squamocolumnar junction separate (gynae)

Answer 47

the endocervical columnar glandular epithelium the outer cervix has squamous epithelium

Question 48

what happens at the tranformation zone

Answer 48

squamous metaplasia columnar epithelium transforms to squamous epithelium

Question 49

what are RF for CIN

Answer 49

HPV 16 and 18 early first interxourse multiple partners smoking immunosuppression

Question 50

histological grades for CIN

Answer 50

CIN1,2,3,

Question 51

cytological grades for CIN

Answer 51

mild, moderate or severe dyskaryosis

Question 52

what is CGIN

Answer 52

cervical glandular intraepithlial neoplasia

Question 53

how to treat CGIN

Answer 53

excise entire endocervix

Question 54

cervical carcinoma tumour types

Answer 54

SCC adenocarcinoma

Question 55

cervical cancer sx

Answer 55

IMB PCB PMB discharge pain

Question 56

change from CIN to cervical ca

Answer 56

invasion o f BM

Question 57

how to stage cervical ca

Answer 57

FIGO