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2G SUMMER > HISTO LAB (CLE- EMBED) > Flashcards

HISTO LAB (CLE- EMBED) Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

is the process whereby alcohol or a dehydrating agent is removed from the tissue and replace by a fluid that is miscible to the wax with which the tissue must be impregnated

A

CLEARING (Dealcoholization)

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2
Q

Volume for Clearing

A

10:1

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3
Q

clearing agents have the ability to make tissues ___________________

A

transparent/ translucent

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4
Q

clearants tend to have _______________________ to improve clarity as they penetrate between the highly refractile tissue elements

A

High refractive index

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5
Q

Another important role of the clearing agent is to remove a substantial amount of __________ from the tissue which otherwise presents as a barrier for wax infiltration

A

fat

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6
Q

Characteristics of a Good Clearing Agent

A
  • Rapidly Penetrates tissue
  • Rapidly removes dehydrating agent
  • Is easily removed by infiltrating paraffin
  • Can cause minimal tissue damage
  • Has low flammability
  • Low toxicity
  • Low cost
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7
Q

True clearing agent, Most rapid

A

Xylene

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8
Q

Substitute for Xylene

A

Toluene
Benzene

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9
Q

Widest latitude, Best Traditional clearing agent, Unable to make tissues clear

A

Chloroform

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10
Q

For embryos, delicate specimens and insects

A

Aniline Oil

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11
Q

Example for Other Clearing agents

A

Dioxane
Terpenol
Phenol
Histoclear
Cedarwood oil
Clove oil

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12
Q

is a process where the clearant is completely removed from the tissue and replaced by a medium that will fill all natural cavities

A

Impregnation (Infiltration)

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13
Q

Medium for infiltration should be the same as medium for __________________

A

Embedding

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14
Q

Volume for Infiltration

A

25:1

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15
Q

Tissue is infiltrated with a supporting medium

A

Infiltration

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16
Q

Characteristics of a Good Infiltrating Agent

A
  • Soluble in processing fluids
  • Suitable for sectioning and ribboning
  • Molten between 30 to 60 deg C
  • Transparent or translucent; colorless
  • Stable
  • Homogenous
  • Capable of flattening after ribboning
  • Non-toxic
  • Odorless
  • Easy to handle and inexpensive
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17
Q

Simplest, best, most common infiltration agents. Not recommended for fatty tissues.

A

Paraffin Wax

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18
Q

Paraffin Wax should be maintained __________ above melting point

A

2 to 5 deg C

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19
Q

Oven temp for Paraffin Wax

A

55- 60 deg C

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20
Q

Pure paraffin + polymer

A

Paraplast

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21
Q

Paraplast melting point

A

56 - 57 deg C

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22
Q

Harden than paraffin. Uses sliding microtome

A

Ester Wax

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23
Q

Ester Wax melting point

A

46- 47 deg C

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24
Q

For embedding eyes

25
Infiltration agent the same as paraplast and countains rubber
Tissue Mat
26
Most commonly used is Carbowax of this type of wax
Water Soluble waxes
27
Polyethylene Glycol Melting point
38- 42 deg C
28
Duration and number of Changes required for thorough impregnation of tissue depends on:
Size and Type of Tissues, Use of vacuum imbedding, Clearing agent employed
29
Longer time is required for __________ tissues
Thicker
30
Vacuum reduces the time required for complete ___________
impregnation
31
Purified form of Nitrocellulose. For large organs, collapsed and hollow cavities
Celloidin
32
another form of Celloidin
Low viscosity Nitrocellulose
33
Celloidin for larger organs
Wet Celloidin
34
Celloidin for whole eye section
Dry Celloidin
35
- Used when dehydration is to be avoided - For histochem and enzyme studies - for delicate specimens (e.g frozen sections)
GELATIN
36
- Classified into epoxy, polyester & acrylic - Used for electron microscope
Plastic/ Resin
37
Epoxy forms
Glyceron Bisphenol A Cyclohexendioxide
38
Glyceron is also known as
Epon
39
Bisphenol A is also known as
Araldite
40
Cyclohexendioxide is also known as
Spurr
41
Process in which Impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arranged position in a mold containing a medium which is then allowed to solidify.
Embedding
42
The tissue is arranged in a precise position in the mold during embedding, and on the microtome before cutting
ORIENTATION
43
Polyester in impregnation is used for
electron microscope
44
Acrylic in impregnation is used for
light microscope
45
Gelatin contains ______ to prevent mold growth
1% phenol
46
using a cast/ mold
Casting
47
Producing a tissue block
Blocking
48
Consists of two L-shaped strips of heavy brass or metal arranged on a flat metal plate and which can be moved to adjust the size of the mold to the size of the specimen.
Leuckhart's Embedding Mold
49
Blocks produced are even, with parallel sides, and with a fairly shaped initial setting of the wax.
Leuckhart's Embedding Mold
50
Is made up of a series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments.
Compound Embedding Unit
51
It has the advantage of embedding more specimens at a time, thereby reducing the time needed for blocking.
Compound Embedding Unit
52
Consist of a special stainless steel base mold fitted with a plastic embedding ring, which later serves as the block holder during cutting
PLASTIC EMBEDDING WRINGS AND BASE MOLD
53
Are normally utilized for embedding celloidin blocks but are equally useful for paraffin wax blocks.
Paper boat
54
They have the advantage of being cheap and easy to make. They provide easy and accurate identification of specimen, thereby avoiding confusion and interchange of tissue blocks.
Paper boat
55
Each compartment may be utilized for embedding one tissue block. Which may then be removed by bending the plastic tray once the wax has solidified. By smearing the inner mold with glycerin or liquid paraffin before embedding.
Plastic Ice Trays
56
Disposable thin plastic embedding molds, available in 3 different sizes, are simply peeled off one at a time, as soon as the wax has solidified.
Peel away
57
Tissue is infiltrated with nitrocellulose and embedded with paraffin
Double embedding method
58
Double embedding method is recommended for what type of tissue
recommended for brain tissue
59
Double embedding method melted paraffin for embedding should be ___________ above MP
5-10C

2G SUMMER (5 decks)

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