histo postlab 2 (side notes)

Question 1

Functional Unit of Life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Permits the organization of cells into more complex tissues and organs

Answer 2

Cellular Diversity

Question 3

This rule suggests that there is only ONE NUCLEUS in one cell except for the RBC and PLATELETS

Answer 3

One General Rule

Question 4

RBC and Platelets are

Answer 4

Non-Nucleated

Question 5

Multi nucleated cell, has one more than 2 nucleus

Answer 5

Muscle Cell

Question 6

Comes into Variety of shapes and sizes

Answer 6

Cells

Question 7

Eukaryotic Genetic Instructions are housed in the __________ and it is carried by the ____________

Answer 7

Nucleus
Ribosomes

Question 8

Involved in sexual reproduction

Answer 8

Sex Cells

Question 9

Densely packed DNA

Answer 9

Chromosomes

Question 10

Contains thousands of HEREDITARY UNITS which we call GENES

Answer 10

Chromosomes

Question 11

Spherical/Oval shaped structure, which is usually the most PROMINENT FEATURE OF A CELL

Answer 11

Nucleus

Question 12

Double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Answer 12

Nuclear Envelope

Question 13

The cell’s HEREDITARY UNITS that controls the activities and structure of the cell

Answer 13

Genes

Question 14

Long molecules of the DNA that is combined with PROTEIN MOLECULES with HISTONE

Answer 14

Chromosome

Question 15

Protein that can be found in the CHROMOSOMES

Answer 15

Histone

Question 16

INHERITED characteristics of the cell

Answer 16

Traits

Question 17

2 Types of Expression of Hereditary Traits

Answer 17

Phenotype
Genotype

Question 18

Physically Observable trait

Answer 18

Phenotype

Question 19

Consists of cylinder with MICROTUBULES arranged peripherally in a circle

Answer 19

Centrosome

Question 19

Non-observable trait

Answer 19

Genotype

Question 20

Duplicates itself, coils up to chromosomes. Once it COILS UP, it produces Chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

Center of Chromosome

Answer 21

Centromere

Question 22

Arrangement of molecules within the membrane that resembles a SEA OF LIPIDS

Answer 22

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 23

In the fluid mosaic model, the LIPIDS acts as a

Answer 23

Barrier

Question 24

In the fluid mosaic model, the PROTEINS acts as

Answer 24

Gatekeepers

Question 25

Has a head and tail

Answer 25

Phospholipids

Question 26

Head

Answer 26

Hydrophilic

Question 27

Tail

Answer 27

Hydrophobic

Question 28

Contains all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Answer 28

Cytoplasm

Question 29

Marker of Cytosol

Answer 29

LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase)

Question 30

Cytosol is mostly composed of

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

Primary source of Energy

Answer 31

Carbohydrates (CHO)

Question 32

Carbohydrates is stored in the form of

Answer 32

Glycogen/Starch

Question 33

1g of energy is equal to

Answer 33

4 calories

Question 34

Serves as HEAT INSULATOR

Answer 34

Fats/Lipids

Question 35

Fats/Lipids is stored in the form

Answer 35

Triglyceride

Question 36

4 electrolytes that controls the activity of water

Answer 36

Na, Cl, K, PO4

Question 37

Water is in the INTEGRAL PART of the cell

Answer 37

Fixed

Question 38

Water FREELY passes from one cell to another

Answer 38

Free

Question 39

3 Types of Cytoskeleton

Answer 39

Microfilaments Microtubules Intermediate Filaments

Question 40

Provides structural support to the cells

Answer 40

Cytoskeleton

Question 41

Often used by the cells to HOLD THEIR SHAPES

Answer 41

Microtubules

Question 42

Major component of the cilia and flagella

Answer 42

Microtubules

Question 43

1/3 of the size of the microtubule and it helps to change or maintain its shape

Answer 43

Microfilament

Question 44

% of Protein

Answer 44

40%

Question 45

% of RNA

Answer 45

60%

Question 46

Produces new proteins

Answer 46

Polypeptide Chains

Question 47

Manufactures, process, and transport the proteins for export from the cell

Answer 47

RER

Question 48

Has similar appearance to the RER, but it HAS NO RIBOSOMES

Answer 48

SER

Question 49

For IC defense mechanism

Answer 49

Lysosome

Question 50

DIGESTS the substance ingested by phagocytosis and gives the distraction of the microorganisms and old cells

Answer 50

Lysosomes

Question 51

Lysosomes contains what Digestive Enzyme?

Answer 51

Proteolytic Enzyme

Question 52

Proteolytic Enzyme is a type of what enzyme

Answer 52

Hydrolytic Enzyme

Question 53

Have not yet engaged in any digestive activity (Lysosome)

Answer 53

Primary

Question 54

Newly formed lysosomes that haven't yet encountered any material to digest

Answer 54

Primary

Question 55

Membrane bound organelle that plays a significant role in the BREAKDOWN OF VERY LONG FATTY ACIDS

Answer 55

Peroxisomes

Question 56

Process of Peroxisome in the breakdown of very long fatty acids

Answer 56

Beta Oxidation

Question 57

Peroxisome contains what type of enzyme that breaks down the H2O2 into H2O and O2

Answer 57

Catalase

Question 58

Found in ALL EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Answer 58

Mitochondria

Question 59

Bean shaped organelle that have a DOUBLE MEMBRANE with INNER FOLDS enclosing the important METABOLIC ENZYMES

Answer 59

Mitochondria

Question 60

Outer membrane of the Mitochondrion

Answer 60

Outer layer

Question 61

2 parts of the INNER FOLDS of the Mitochondrion

Answer 61

Cristae Matrix

Question 62

Series of folds

Answer 62

Cristae

Question 63

Large central fluid-filled cavity inside the mitochondria

Answer 63

Matrix

Question 64

Serves as energy that reserves and also play the role in INSULATION and PROTECTION in certain tissues

Answer 64

Fat Droplets

Question 65

Cell for fat storage

Answer 65

Adipocyte

Question 66

The ONLY ORGANELLE that CONTAINS THE DNA

Answer 66

Mitochondrion

Question 67

Example of mitochondrion that is found in the RBC, which is responsible for the RED COLOR IN THE BLOOD

Answer 67

Hemoglobin

Question 68

Yellow and Green pigments respectively, which is often associated with the breakdown of hemoglobin and it is FOUND IN LIVER CELL

Answer 68

Bilirubin and Biliverdin

Question 69

Bilirubin and Biliverdin is found in what cell

Answer 69

Liver Cell

Question 70

Colored compounds that cells might produce or ingest

Answer 70

Pigments

Question 71

Pigment of the skin, which provides the color of the SKIN, EYES, HAIR

Answer 71

Melanin

Question 72

Skin cell

Answer 72

Melanocyte

Question 73

Cells require for SURVIVAL

Answer 73

Mitochondrion

Question 74

Energy produced by the mitochondria

Answer 74

Mitochondrion