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GI-week 1 > HistoGI part 1 > Flashcards

HistoGI part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What forms the inner lining of the tubular organs?

A

mucosa

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2
Q

What are the 4 components of the tubular structures mucosa

A

epithelium; basement membrane; lamina propria; muscularis mucosae

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3
Q

What is the tubular structures muscularis mucosa made up of?

A

smooth muscle, sometimes lacking or replaced by elastic fibers

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4
Q

What is the tubular structures submuscosa made up of?

A

conenctive tissue, glands, blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

What is the tubular structures supporting wall made up of?

A

smooth or skeletal muscle, bone cartilage,

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6
Q

what is the tubular structures adventia or the serosa made up of>

A

loose connective tissue,

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7
Q

what is tubular structures adventia referred to as serosa

A

when its covered by mesothelium

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8
Q

What are the surface features of the lip?

A

cutaneaus area, red area, oral muscosa,

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9
Q

What is the lip cutaneous area made up of?

A

stratifed squamous keratinizing epithetlium, has sweat glands, hair and sebaceous glands

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10
Q

what is the lip red area made up up?

A

stratifed squamous keratinizing epithetlium,tall papillae with vsacular netowrk

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11
Q

what is the lip oral mucosa made up of?

A

stratifed squamous keratinizing epithetlium,, and has serious mucous glands

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12
Q

Is the submucosa distinguishable in the lip?

A

no it blends with the mucosa

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13
Q

The supporting wall of the lip is made up of?

A

skeletal muscle of the orbcularis oris

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14
Q

the cheek is different from the lip’s mucosa and submucosa how?

A

has more elastic tissue to preventing biting of mucosa

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15
Q

What is the cheeks suppproting wall?

A

buccinator

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16
Q

the mucosa of the hard plate is made up of?

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium

and lamina propria (many papillae with vsacular core)

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17
Q

Where is the submucosa absent in the hard plate?

A

in the midline, Anterior 1/3 has much fat

Posterior 2/3 has many mucous glands

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18
Q

what is the supporting wall of the hard plate?

A

bone

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19
Q

What is the mucosa of the soft plate made up of?

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium on oral side
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium on nasal side
and lamina propria

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20
Q

what is the submucosa of the soft plate made up of?

A

mixed glands

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21
Q

waht is the supporting wall of the soft plate

A

skeletal muscle and CT

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22
Q

what is the ventral surface of the tongue made up of

A

Stratified squamous non-keratnizing epithelium

Mixed glands beneath epithelium

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23
Q

What does the dorsal surface of the tongue mucosa contain

A

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
Lamina propria connects to underlying c.t.
Modified to form various papillae
Serous glands beneath circumvallate papillae
Mucous glands empty into tonsillar crypts

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24
Q

What is the supporting wall of the tongue

A

skeletal muscle arranged in 3 planes

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25
What is the nerve supply to the tongue?
Anterior 2/3 by cranial nerves V & VII | Posterior 1/3 by cranial nerves IX and X
26
what are the tongue papillae?
Filiform Fungiform Circumvallate Foliate
27
What is the most common?
filiform
28
Where is filiform papillae found?
Occur in parallel rows across tongue | Keratinization most obvious at tip of papillae
29
Where are the fungiform papillae found?
Fewer in number; more numerous towards tip of tongue
30
Characteristcs of the funigform papillae?
Club shaped May have slight reddish tint due to underlying vascularization Some taste buds in epithelium Supplied by cranial nerve VII
31
Where is the Circumvallate Papillae? how mnay of them are there?
Adjacent to sulcus terminalis | 7-12 in number
32
What are characterics of the Circumvallate Papillae
Each papilla is surrounded by a deep trench or moat Taste buds numerous in sides of papillae Supplied by cranial nerve IX Serous glands of von Ebner empty into trench
33
Do humans have foliate papillae?
Not really, have assocaited taste buds
34
What papilla are assocaited with taste buds?
circumvallate, fungiform, and foliate papillae
35
Where are taste buds?
embedded in epithelial layer
36
what are the 3 types of taste buds
Sustentacular (supporting) cells Taste receptor cells Basal cells (give rise to other 2 types)
37
What are the function of taste buds
Perceive modalities of taste (salt, sweet, sour, bitter)
38
how fast do taste buds turn over?
10 days, regnerated when nerve is reconnected and the nerve fibers have regenerated-NERVE DEPENDANT
39
Enamel of the teeth is produced by
Ameloblasts consists of 3% protein; 97% mineral Produce dentin during tooth growth and some throughout life
40
Dentin of the teeth are made by
Odontoblasts | composed of 30% organic; 70% mineral
41
CEmentum of the teeth is made by and does what?
Cementoblasts | Anchors tooth to periodontal ligament
42
Periodontal ligament of the teeth are made by and do what
Fibroblasts | Anchors tooth to alveolar bone
43
Dental lamina aka primary teeth are of what orgin?
ectodermal origin- neural crest derivative
44
dental lamina give rise to
Gives rise to enamel organ (tooth germs) Five tooth germs in each half of mandible or maxilla
45
Dental papilla are of what origin
Mesodermal in origin
46
what does the dental papilla give rise to
cells which form dentin
47
what does the Labial lamina do?
Separates lip and cheek from developing gums and teeth
48
Tooth germs for permanent teeth develop when and where
Develop from dental lamina on lingual side of primary teeth, beginning at 10th week of life
49
When do moral teeth germs develop?
i. 1st molar – 4th month intrauterine life ii. 2nd molar – 1st year of age iii. 3rd molar – 4 years of age
50
What do the Ameloblasts develop from
dental lamina
51
What do ameloblasts do? Do we always have them
Produce enamel only during tooth growth | Ameloblasts lost with tooth development
52
what do odontoblasts develop from
dental papilla
53
what are the major salivary glands
Parotid gland Submandibular gland Sublingual gland
54
WHAT ARE THE minor glands
Mucous-serous glands in lamina propria and submucosa of oral cavity
55
what is saliva made up of
Water, cellular & bacterial debris, leukocytes, salts, salivary amylase, mucus, secretory IgA, desquamated epithelial cells
56
HOW MUCH do we produce a day
1000-1500 ml saliva/day in humans
57
What are the functions of saliva
Lubrication & moistening of buccal mucosa and lips Washes mouth of cellular and food debris Moistens food for easy swallowing Moistens food for tasting Enzymes may initiate digestion of the food
58
What is the morphology of major salivary glands
Connective tissue capsule (capsule of parotid is especially pronounced) Lobes and lobules
59
What are the 5 ducts?
excretory duct, Striated duct, Intercalated duct | muscous alveolus, serous alveolus
60
What is the Excretory duct made up of?
Epithelium is stratified squamous non-keratinizing near oral cavity, sourrounded by CT
61
where is the excretory duct?
Found in interlobar and interlobular areas,
62
where is the striated duct?
within the lobule
63
what is a straited duct consist of
Epithelium is simple columnar or high cuboidal Basal part of cell has striations and is eosinophilic due to infoldings of the plasma membrane and the presence of mitochondria
64
Where is the Intercalated duct
within the lobule
65
WHAT are some characteristics of the intercalated duct
Epithelium is cuboidal to low cuboidal epithelium, No striations evident, Lumen is very narrow, Part near secretory unit provided with myoepithelial cells
66
What are characteristics of the Mucous alveolus
Cuboidal or columnar cells, Nuclei compressed near base of cell, Apical portion of cell light staining with H and E, but PAS positive
67
What are characteristics of th Serous alveolus
Cuboidal or columnar cells, Distinct nuclei, Cells have rough endoplasmic reticulum at base with zymogen granules in apex
68
what are myoepithelial cells and where are they found
Specialized smooth muscle cells | Between serous and/or mucous cells and basement membrane
69
what do myoepithetlial cells do?
Assist in discharge from the secretory cells | Associated with both the secretory unit and the beginning of the intercalated duct
70
What are demilunes? where are they?
Secretory units that contain both serous and mucous cells. Formed by serous secreting cells Occupy the blind end of the secretory unit
71
what are the parotid glands made up of?
Prominent connective tissue capsule with c.t. separating lobes & lobules Fat cells and fatty tissue common Striated and intercalated ducts prominent
72
what kind of secretion comes form the parotid gland
Acini almost 100% serous
73
What is the submandibular gland made up of
Connnective tissue capsule present but not conspicuous Striated ducts well defined Intercalated ducts scarce Mucous alveoli frequently capped with serous demilunes
74
what kind of secretion comes form the submandibular gland
Acini are 10-25% mucous & the rest serous
75
what is the sublingual gland made up of
``` Connective tissue capsule indistinct Connective tissue septae are present within the gland Excretory ducts prominent Striated ducts not prevalent Intercalated ducts non-existent ```
76
what is the secretion made up of coming from the sublinguinal gland
Acini 75% mucous with serous demilunes
77
whats the path of the esophagus
Begins at level of cricoid cartilage, passes through superior and posterior mediastinum, pierces the diaphragm, and becomes continuous with the stomach
78
What is the mucosa of the esphagus made up of
Epithelium-stratified squamous non-keratinizing; it is replaced every 2-3 days
79
what is the lamina propria of the esophagus made up of
Loose connective tissue, Mucous glands (cardiac glands in upper and lower thirds)
80
what is the muscularis mucosae of the esphagus made up of
Very well developed layer, Smooth muscle fibers oriented primarily in a longitudinal direction, with some inner circular
81
the Submucosa esophagus is made up of
Mucous-secreting glands in middle third Submucosal nerve plexus present, but difficult to identify Contains larger blood vessels and lymphatics
82
Muscularis externa of the esophagus is made up of
Upper third is skeletal muscle Middle third is primarily smooth, with some skeletal Lower third is smooth muscle Myenteric nerve plexus located between outer and inner layer
83
Circumvallate papillae | are innervated by?
CN9
84
Fungiform taste buds are innervated by?
CN7
85
The muscles of the tongue is innervated by?
hypoglossal 12!

GI-week 1 (11 decks)

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