histology

Question 1

oogonia

Answer 1

early in embryonic development (6 weeks) germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate to form oogonia
the cells undergo development and division via meiosis to form mature oocytes (ova)

Question 2

oogenesis

Answer 2

development of oocytes, the female germ cells from oogonia

Question 3

folliculogenesis

Answer 3

growth of the follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells

Question 4

lining of the ampulla

Answer 4

highly folded mucosa
lined by simple columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells
surrounded by smooth muscles

Question 5

zona pellucida

Answer 5

thick extracellular matrix (ECM) that starts to form when the oocyte has enlarged
forms between the oocyte and granulosa cells

Question 6

zona granulosa

Answer 6

cuboidal granulosa cells that define the primar follicles

Question 7

formation of theca interna

Answer 7

inner layers of the adjacent stromal cells transform to form the theca interna
- it will go on to secrete oestrogen precursors which will be converted to oestrogen by GC

Question 8

after ovulation what happens to the follicle

Answer 8

transforms into a corpus luteum with the theca and granulosa cells secreting oestrogens and progesterone, which helps prepare the uterus for implantation

Question 9

what is the endometrium of the uterus made up of

Answer 9

tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma

Question 10

what is the myometrium of the uterus made up of

Answer 10

3 layers of smooth muscle combined with collagen and elastic tissue

Question 11

what is the perimetrium of the uterus made up of

Answer 11

outer visceral covering loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

Question 12

what iss the endometrium divided into

Answer 12

stratum functionalis (undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss)
stratum basalis

Question 13

histology of the cervix

Answer 13

mostly fibrous connective tissue covered by stratified squamous epithelium on its vaginal surface
but transitioning into mucous secreting simple columnar epithelium

Question 14

endocervical glands

Answer 14

mucous secreting epithelium of the canal which is deeply furrowed

Question 15

nabothian cyst

Answer 15

when the outlets of the endocervical glands become blocked and the glands expand

Question 16

layers of the vagina

Answer 16

• Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
• Lamina propria: connective tissue rich in elastic fibres and thin-walled blood vessels.
• Fibromuscular layer: inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle.
• Adventitia.

Question 17

length of the luteal phase

Answer 17

14 days long

Question 18

what happens during the follicular phase

Answer 18

maturation of ovarian follicles to prepare one of them for release during ovulation