Histology Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
what is renal interstitium
A
reticular C.T with blood vessels
2
Q
The other name of renal corpuscle
A
Malpighan corpuscle
3
Q
the other name of large collecting ducts
A
pappilary ducts, Duct of bellini
4
Q
Renal corpuscles are located in
A
cortex
5
Q
what is the type of junction of the slit diaphragm
A
modified tight junctions
6
Q
what proteins are in the slit diaphragm
A
nephrins
7
Q
diameter of the renal corpuscle
A
200 micron
8
Q
the GBM formed from
A
Glomerular capillary basal lamina and podocyte basal lamina
9
Q
the layers of the GBM from outside to inside
A
Lamina Lucida External
Lamina Densa
Lamina Lucida Interna
10
Q
Function of Fenestrated Capillary endothelium
A
block the Blood cells & Platelets
11
Q
Thick combined (GBM)
A
Restrict large proteins as plasma proteins
12
Q
slit diaphragms
A
restrict small proteins
13
Q
which proteins that removed to filtrate
A
smaller proteins as polypeptide hormones
14
Q
What happen to GBM in diabetes mellitus
A
protinuria
15
Q
the reabsorption of sodium by aldosterone occur in
A
DCT
16
Q
prominent basal folds and lateral interdigitations in
A
PCT
17
Q
Reabsorption of all organic nutrients (glucose , amino acids, vitamins), all proteins, most water, and electrolytes occur in
A
PCT
18
Q
what produce erythropiotein in kidney
A
Fibroblastic interstitial cells in cortical tissue around proximal tubule
19
Q
L of membranous part of urethra
L for Lining
A
stratified columnar with patches of pseudo st columnar
20
Q
L of prostatic urethra
A
transitional epithelium
21
Q
How many lobes of the mammary glands?
A
15-25 lobes
22
Q
the type of mammary glands?
A
Compound tubulo alveolar
23
Q
What is the parenchyma of mammary glands?
A
formed of the duct system + Alveoli (inactive or active)
embedded in loose, vascular conncetive tissue
24
Q
secrete testosterone
A
leydig cells
25
the stroma of testis consists of
1. capsule(tunica vaginalis, albuginea, vasculosa)
2. septa
26
the parenchyma of the testis consists of
1. semineferous tubules
2. interstitial leydig cells
27
visceral layer of the peritoneum around the testis
tunica vaginalis
28
Tunica albuginea: outer dense fibrous C.T. It
is thickened posteriorly to form
mediastinum testis from which septa arise and divide the gland
29
the septa arise from
mediastinum testis
| thickened part of tunica albuginea
30
contains myoid cells
semineferous tubules
31
role of myoid cells
allow weak contractions of the
tubule pushing the sperm outside
32
L of semineferous tubules
germinal epithelium
33
Formation of fully formed sperm
Take about
10 weeks
34
Mean differentiation of
progenitor cells (spermatogonia)
into spermatids
Spermatogenesis
35
Mean differentiation of
spermatids into spermatozoa
Spermiogenesis
36
morphology of spermatogonia
small rounded cells with rounded central nuclei
37
act as reserve cells in the germinal epithelium
Dark type A spermatogonia
38
divide by mitosis to give type B
pale type A
39
the largest cells in spermatogenic cells
primary spermatocyte
40
which have larger nuclei type A or type B
type B
41
the first miotic division occur
at puberty
transform from primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte
42
phases of spermiogenesis
Golgi phase
Cap phase
Acrosomal phase
Maturation phase
43
apperance of acrosomal granules in which phase
Golgi phase
| these granule coalesce together to form acrosomal vesicle
44
the chromatin of the nucleus is condensed in which phase
cap phase
45
the two centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus of spermatid in which phase
golgi phase
46
hydrolytic enzyme of acrosome
hyaluronidase and trypsin like protease called acrosin
47
the nucleus flattened and condensed in which phase
acrosomal phase
48
the flagella elongates
in acrosomal phase
49
Unneeded cytoplasm is shed as aresidual body & phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.
maturation phase
50
The newly formed spermatozoa become disconnected from the Sertoli cells surface to lie free in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
maturation phase
51
morphology of sertoli cells
tall columnar cells with basal oval nuclei
52
between the lateral borders of the two adjacent Sertoli cells just above the Spermatogonia.
tight occluding junctions
53
produce transport nutritive factors such as the irontransport protein transferrin
sertoli cells
54
exocrine and endocrine functions of sertoli cells
1. testicular fluid
2. Androgen binding protein
3. inhibin that inhibit FSH by feedback mechanism
55
stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone that stimulates spermatogenesis.
nterstitial cells stimulating hormone (LH)
56
stimulates Sertoli cells to secrete ABP
Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)
57
prevent premature puberty
inhibin
58
Straight tubules begin at the end of the
seminiferous tubules, lined only by Sertoli cells
Tubuli recti
59
L of Tubuli recti
sertoli cells
60
Anastomosing & branched tubules in mediastinum testis & lined by cubical epithelium.
rete testis
61
location of rete testis
mediastinum testis
62
L of Rete testis
Cubical epithelium
63
absorb most of the fluid secreted into
the seminiferous tubules
non ciliated cubical cells of casa efferentia
64
Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with steriocilia
Vas Deferens
65
the prostate gland is
1. a collection of 30-50 tubuloacinar glands, in a dense fibomuscular stroma in which smooth muscle contracts at ejaculation & the whole gland is covered by capsule (fibroelastic)
66
the prostatic zones
1. transitional zone: 5%: periurethral mucosal
2. central zone: 20%: periurethral submucosal
3. peripheral: 70%: main glands
67
the lumen of the acini contains
prostatic concretion (calcified glycoprotien)
corpora amylacea in old ages
68
function of prostate gland
secretes phosphatase, amylase, citric acid, prostaglandins and prostate specific protien
69
senile hyperplasia occur in
mucosal and submucosal glands
70
malignant tumor occur in
main acini
71
function of seminal vesicle
secretes yellowish viscid alkaline fluid
rich in fructose, vitamin D, prostaglandins and fibrinogen which allows semen to liquify after ejaculation
72
at the puberty the ovaries contains about how many .... oocytes
300K
73
L of the surafce of the ovary
simple cuboidal (called germinal epithelium)
74
the primordial follicle formed during
fetal life
75
primordial follicle is surrounded by
single layer of flattened follicular cells
76
the follicular cells are simple cubical epi. in which stage
unilaminar primary follicle
77
growth of the oocyte in which stage
unilaminar primary follicle
78
the granulosa cell formed in which stage
multilaminar primary follicles
79
the granulosa communicate with each other by
gap junction
80
# each stage to shape of follicular cells
1. primordial follicles
2. unilaminary primary
3. multilaminar primary
1. flattened
2. simple cubical
3. stratified follicular (granulosa cells)
81
appear of zona pellucida in
multilaminar primary f
82
formed of spindle shaped cells
theca interna
83
function of spindle shaped cells
secrete androstenedione which is converted to estradiol (Estrogen) by aromatase in the granulosa that return to theca to be secreted in cappilaries around.
84
what penetrate the zona pellucida
filopodia of granulosa, microvilli of oocyte
85
function of Zona p.
The zona pellucida contain
important receptors ZP3& ZP4 are important
sperm receptors, binding specific ptns on the
sperm surface and inducing **acrosomal
activation.**
86
the granulosa secrete secrete fluid (liquor folliculi) in
secondary (antral follicle)
87
the follicular fluid contains
hyaloronic acid, growth factors, fibrinogen, proteins and steroids
88
ovulation is stimulated by
LH hormone
89
releases the hormone inhibin that shuts off FSH release by the anteriorpituitary
MGF
90
effect of LH on ovulation
1. increase in the blood flow to the ovary
2. increase in the intra-follicular fluid
3. increase intra-follicular pressure
91
secrete progesterone
granulosa lutein cells by stimulation of LH
92
secrete estrogen
theca interna lutein by the stimulation of LH
93
stimulate the granulosa lutein and theca interna lutein to secrete progesterone and estrogen, respectively
LH
94
L of fallopian tube
Simple columnar partially ciliated and
secretory Peg cells.
95
contains secretory peg cells
fallopian tube
96
L of uterus
simple columnar partially ciliated
97
type of glands in uterus
simple tubular glands
98
In-between the glands of uterus
1. stromal cells (fibroblast or decidual cells)
2. Collagen & reticular
3. uterine blood vessels
4. Granular leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages
99
the layer of endometrium richer in ground substance and more spongier lamina
superficial functional layer
100
phases of menstrual cycle
1. Menstrual phase (3-4 days)
2. Proliferative phase (8-10)
3. secretory phase begins oa ovulation & last about 14 days
101
the thickness of the endomedtrium at the end of the menstrual phase
0.5 mm
102
the thickness of the endomedtrium at the end of the proliferative phase
2-3 mm
103
inhibits strong contractions of myometrium that might interfere with embryo implantation
progesterone
104
Major source of embryonic nutrition during implantation.
Uterine gland secretion
105
Uterine glands become highly coiled in
Secretory phase
106
stimulates epithelial cells of uterine glands that
formed during the proliferative phase to accumulate glycogen
Progesterone
107
Progesterone stimulates epithelial cells of uterine glands that formed during the proliferative phase to accumulate
glycogen
108
the thickness of the endometrium at the end of the secretory phase
5 mm
109
the fundus of uterus covered by
body of uterus covered by
serosa (flat squamous cells mesothelia)
adventitia
110
cervical secretion at the time of ovularion
maximal, watery and facilitate sperm movement through uterus
111
cervical secretion in luteal phase
Mucous secretion become more viscous & hinder passage of both sperms and microoraganisms into body of uterus
112
cervical secretion during pergnany
highly viscous fromin plug in endocervial canal
113
The cervix does not expand during
pregnancy, but it dilates during labour due to
action of
collagenase enzyme
114
epithelial cells of vagina synthesize
& accumulate glycogen by stimulation of
estrogen
115
Mean thinning or atrophy of vaginal
epithelium
atrophic vaginitis
116
atrophic vaginits caused by decreased ..........levels
estrogen
117
dilated area of Lactiferous duct near to
nipple called
laciferous sinus
118
the lobes of mammary glands are separated by
dense CT
119
the stroma of the mammary glands are derived from and consists of
dermis of skin
consists of
1. interlobar septa: thick fibrous CT that divides glands into lobes
2. interlobular septa: thin CT that divides lobes into lobules
3. adipose C.T
120
At ovulation (peak estrogen levels) and premenstrual
phase of the cycle: epithelial of small ducts become
columnar
121
L of lactifirous ducts
simple cuboidal
122
L of Lactiferous sinus
stratified cuboidal
123
L of opening to nipple
stratified squamous keratinized
124
Fetal part of placenta
Chorionic villi separated by intra-villous spaces
125
maternal part of the placenta
decidua basalis
126
situated between embryo itself &
myometrium
decidua basalis
127
between embryo & lumen of
uterus
decidua capsularis
128
the remainder of decidua
decidua parietalis
129
what happened to fibroblast in decidua
the fibroblast become enlarged, polygonal, and more active in protein synthesis
130
the decidua cells?
Fibroblasts that become enlarged & polygonal, more active in protein synthesis
131
the trophoblast that mitotically active
Cyto-trophoblast
132
difference between **c**ytotrophoblast and **s**yncytiotrophoblast
**C**
1. inner layer mitotically active
2. on layer of simple cubical epithelium with clear cell boundaries, rests on basement membrane
3. Synthesize (anti-inflammatory cytokines) to
prevent uterine reaction to the implanted
embryo
**S**
1. outer layer mitotically non active
2. One layer of cubical cell, cells fuse to form
continuous cytoplasmic mass that lacks any
cell boundaries.
3. have microvilli and many receptors
133
Synthesize (anti-inflammatory cytokines) to
prevent uterine reaction to the implanted
embryo
Cyto-trophoplast
134
The cyto-trophoblast
disappear after the
fourth month
135
After the fourth month of pregnancy what happen to trophoblast
The cyto-trophoblast disappear and villi are covered only by Syncytio-trophoblast
136
have central cilium
macula densa
137
secrete inhibin hormone
Sertoli cells
138
# in which follicle phase
Formation of specialized secretory granules containing proteasesd called cortical granules
unilaminar primary follicle
