Histology

Question 0

Role neurons

Answer 0

Process, transmit info

Electrically excitable

Question 1

2 types nerve cells

Answer 1

Neurons

Neuroglia (glial cells)

Question 2

Role of glial cells

Answer 2

Nourish, support protect neurons

Question 3

Definition of a nerve

Answer 3

A bundle of 1 or more neurons

Question 4

Neurons consist of

Answer 4

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon 
Myelin sheath
Terminal endings

Question 5

Neurons possess electrical excitability what does this mean

Answer 5

The ability to make action potential

Question 6

Nerve stimulus definition

Answer 6

Anything able to trigger generation of action potential in a neuron
Can be internal/external

Question 7

Neurons: cell bodies are known collectively as

Answer 7

Grey matter of NS

Question 8

Collections of cell bodies are referred to as

Answer 8

Nuclei/centres in the CNS

ganglia in the PNS

Question 9

Axons determine nerve length, vary from

Answer 9

<1mm CNS to 1m sciatic nerve

Question 10

Function axon

Answer 10

Carries nerve impulses to another neuron away from body

Question 11

Axon covered by a membrane called

Answer 11

The axolemma

Question 12

The ends of axons are called

Answer 12

Axon terminals

Question 13

Axon bundles are called

Answer 13

Tracts in CNS

Nerves in PNS

Question 14

What makes up white matter of NS

Answer 14

Axons and dendrites

Question 15

What are dendrites

Answer 15

‘Little trees’

Receiving end of neuron

Question 16

What is myelin sheath

Answer 16

Multi layered lipid & protein covering around the axons

Question 17

Myelin sheath formed by what in embryo

Answer 17

Neuroglia/ glial cells

Question 18

Myelin atom continues through childhood and peaks in

Answer 18

Adolescence

Question 19

Covered axons are termed

Answer 19

Myelinated

Question 20

3 functions myelin sheath

Answer 20

Insulates axon (covers axolemma)
Regeneration of axons in peripheral NS
Increases speed of nerve impulse conduction (by forming gaps)

Question 21

Neuroglia also known as

Answer 21

Glia

Glial cells

Question 22

Can neuroglia multiply & divide

Answer 22

Yes

Unlike neurons

Question 23

Situation of neuroglia

Answer 23

Surround and bind neurons

Question 24

Size/no neuroglia compared to neurons

Answer 24

Far smaller | 3-50 times as many

Question 25

What will glia do after trauma

Answer 25

# Fill spaces left by damaged neurons * malignant growth of tumours

Question 26

4 functions of Glia

Answer 26

Surround neurons and hold them in place Supply nutrients/oxygen to neurons Insulate one neuron from another Destroy pathogens, remove dead neurons

Question 27

4 functions neuroglia

Answer 27

Surround Neurons, hold in place Supply nutrients/oxygen to Neurons Insulate one Neurons from another Destroy pathogens and remove dead Neurons

Question 28

Where are Schwann cells

Answer 28

PNS

Question 29

Where are oligodendrocytes

Answer 29

CNS

Question 30

4 types neuroglia in CNS

Answer 30

Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells

Question 31

2 types neuroglia PNS

Answer 31

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells) | Satellite cells

Question 32

Describe Astrocytes

Answer 32

Star shaped with breaching processes | In CNS

Question 33

2 functions Astrocytes

Answer 33

Hold Neurons to their blood supply | Contribute to blood brain barrier

Question 34

Describe oligodendrocytes

Answer 34

Smaller than Astrocytes | In CNS

Question 35

Role of oligodendrocytes

Answer 35

Form, maintain myelin in CNS | Similar role to Schwann cells in PNS

Question 36

Microglia derived from what

Answer 36

Monocytes migrate before birth

Question 37

Where are microglia found

Answer 37

Near blood vessels in CNS | Also mobile in the brain

Question 38

What do microglia do when brain is damaged

Answer 38

Multiply

Question 39

What else do microglia do

Answer 39

Phagocytic - clean up

Question 40

Describe ependymal cells | Where are they found

Answer 40

Endothelial and epithelial cells which line walls of 4 ventricles of the cerebrum Central canal of spinal cord CNS

Question 41

What do ependymal cells make | How is it circulated

Answer 41

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF Beat their cilia to circulate it

Question 42

What do Schwann cells produce

Answer 42

Myelin sheaths around neurons in the PNS - specifically the Axons

Question 43

Describe myeline sheath

Answer 43

Multi-layered lipid and protein covering

Question 44

Role of myelin sheath

Answer 44

Insulates axon | Increased speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 45

Covered axons are termed

Answer 45

Myelinated

Question 46

Dendrite connections and most myelination is finished by what age

Answer 46

3 | Malnutrition in infancy causes irreversible damage

Question 47

Gap between Schwann cells along a neuron called

Answer 47

Node of ranvier

Question 48

Function of nodes of ranvier

Answer 48

Increase speed of nerve transmission