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Reproductive - Breast > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the breast found?

A

Subcutaneously; in front of the deep fascia and pectoralis major muscle

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2
Q

The secretory tissue of the breast is made up of what?

A

15-25 lobes

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3
Q

Each breast lobe is split into smaller parts known as what?

A

Lobules

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4
Q

What are lobules?

A

The glands which produce milk

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5
Q

Each breast lobule is separated by what?

A

Adipose tissue

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6
Q

The majority of the breast is composed of which type of tissue?

A

Stromal tissue

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7
Q

Adjacent to secretory lobules is ? tissue, which in turn is surrounded by ? tissue?

A

Dense fibrous / adipose

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8
Q

Most breast lesions are derived from which breast tissue?

A

Epithelial

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9
Q

Where do the suspensory ligaments connect to and from?

A

Deep fascia overlying the anterior chest wall muscles to the dermis of the skin

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10
Q

What are the suspensor ligaments composed of?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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11
Q

What is the significance of suspensory ligaments being anchored to the dermis of the skin?

A

When something in the breast is enlarging, this pulls the ligaments and can cause a puckered appearance of the skin

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12
Q

What is the basic functional secretory unit of the breast?

A

The terminal duct lobular unit

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13
Q

What are the acini?

A

Terminal ductules

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14
Q

In the non-lactating breast, the acini (terminal ductules) lead into where?

A

Intralobular collecting duct

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15
Q

Where do the intralobular collecting ducts lead into?

A

Lactiferous duct

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16
Q

How many lactiferous ducts are there per breast lobe?

A

One

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17
Q

Where does the lactiferous duct lead to?

A

The nipple

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18
Q

On its way to the nipple, the lactiferous duct passes through an expanded region known as what?

A

Lactiferous sinus

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19
Q

There is huge proliferation of which ducts during pregnancy?

A

Terminal ductules (acini)

20
Q

What is the difference between the connective tissue surrounding the acini within a lobule compared with the connective tissue outwith the lobule? What is the significance of this?

A

It is looser - this is to allow rapid expansion of the acini in pregnancy

21
Q

Within the lobule, the secretory epithelial cells which line the acini can be which kinds?

A

Cuboidal - columnar

22
Q

As well as a layer of epithelium, what are the ductules and ducts of the breast also lined with?

A

Contractile myoepithelial cells

23
Q

Ductules and ducts are lined by epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells and then what?

A

Basal lamina/basement membrane

24
Q

Describe the epithelial lining of the lactiferous duct?

A

Begins as stratified cuboidal epithelium and turns to stratified squamous epithelium as it gets nearer the nipple

25
Q

What type of epithelium lines the nipple?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous

26
Q

What makes up the core of the nipple?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue and bundles of smooth muscle

27
Q

What other type of glands are present around the nipple and end directly on the surface of the skin?

A

Sebaceous glands

28
Q

What is the definition of a mammary gland?

A

All the milk secreting tissue leading to a single lactiferous duct

29
Q

Most changes occur in the breast during which phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Luteal phase

30
Q

What 3 things happen to the breast during the luteal phase?

A

Epithelial cells increase in height, lumens of the ducts become enlarged, small amounts of secretions appear in the ducts

31
Q

What changes occur to the breast in the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

A

Elongation and branching of smaller ducts / proliferation of epithelial/myoepithelial cells

32
Q

What changes occur to the breast in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?

A

Differentiation of secretory alveoli, plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate connective tissue

33
Q

What changes occur to the breast in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

Alveoli mature and extensive rough ER develops

34
Q

What happens to the amount of connective tissue and adipose tissue in the breast during pregnancy?

A

They decrease

35
Q

What are alveoli?

A

The basic components of a mature mammary gland

36
Q

What happens to the breast after menopause?

A

The secretory cells of the TDLU degenerate leaving only ducts. There are fewer fibroblasts and reduced collagen/elastic fibres

37
Q

During pregnancy, what stimulates the proliferation of secretory tissue?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

38
Q

What are the 4 main components of human milk?

A

Water, protein, carbohydrate, lipid

39
Q

What is the main carbohydrate found in breast milk?

A

Lactose

40
Q

What are the proteins found in breast milk?

A

Lactalbumin and casein

41
Q

Small quantities of what other things are found in breast milk?

A

Ions, vitamins and IgA antibodies

42
Q

What component of breast milk is secreted via apocrine secretion?

A

Lipids

43
Q

Describe apocrine secretion of lipids?

A

Lipid droplets are secreted surrounded by membrane and carrying a small amount of cytoplasm with it

44
Q

What component of breast milk is secreted via merocrine secretion?

A

Proteins

45
Q

Where are milk proteins a) made? b) packaged?

A

A) rough ER, B) Golgi apparatus

46
Q

Describe merocrine secretion of proteins?

A

Secreted via vesicles which merge with the apical membrane to release their contents into the duct system

Reproductive - Breast (10 decks)

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