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Reproductive - Breast > Staging and Grading for Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Staging and Grading for Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What type of staging is used for breast cancer?

A

TNM

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2
Q

How many T stages are there?

A

T0-T4

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3
Q

What does T0 mean?

A

No tumour

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4
Q

What does T1 mean?

A

< 2cm

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5
Q

What does T2 mean?

A

2-5cm

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6
Q

What does T3 mean?

A

> 5cm

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7
Q

What does T4 mean?

A

Extension to skin, chest wall or both

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8
Q

How many N stages are there?

A

N0-N3

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9
Q

What does N0 mean?

A

No nodes

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10
Q

What does N1 mean?

A

Mobile nodes / 1-3 nodes

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11
Q

What does N2 mean?

A

Fixed nodes / > 3 nodes

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12
Q

What does N3 mean?

A

Involvement of the ipsilateral internal mammary nodes

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13
Q

How many M stages are there?

A

M0-M1

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14
Q

What does M0 mean?

A

No distant metastases

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15
Q

What does M1 mean?

A

Metastases demonstratable

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16
Q

Grading is a measure of what?

A

Tumour differentiation

17
Q

If a breast cancer was very similar to parent tissue, how would this be described? What would be its prognosis?

A

Well differentiated, low grade, good prognosis

18
Q

If a breast cancer was very different to parent tissue, how would this be described? What would be its prognosis

A

Poorly differentiated, high grade, poor prognosis

19
Q

The grade of a tumour is worked out from objective assessment of which 3 things?

A

Tubular differentiation, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic activity

20
Q

For each area of assessment for grading, what can each score?

A

1-3 points

21
Q

A score of 3-5 suggests what grade of breast cancer?

A

Grade 1

22
Q

A score of 6-7 suggests what grade of breast cancer?

A

Grade 2

23
Q

A score of 8-9 suggests what grade of breast cancer?

A

Grade 3

Reproductive - Breast (10 decks)

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