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Cellular Metabolism 1 > Histology- Epi and CT > Flashcards

Histology- Epi and CT Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What is tissue?

A

cells that are not identical but come from the same germ layer and carry out similar function/goal

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2
Q

What is Epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Create Barriers
  2. Avascular
  3. Uninucleated, polyhedral, polarized cells
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3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Blood, bone, fat, ligaments, cartilage, loose ct, fill empty spaces vasculature and has nerves

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4
Q

Where does epithelial tissue come from?

A

From all three germ layers

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5
Q

What are the surfaces of epithelial tissue?

A

Apical

Basal

lateral surfaces

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6
Q

another name for connective tissue

A

Mucosa and Submucosa

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7
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Acellular Separation between epithelial and connective tissue

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8
Q

Where do you find epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Cover body surfaces
  2. Line internal cavities
  3. Present in various organs and glands
  4. Line ducts
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9
Q

glandular epithelium…

A

secretes

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10
Q

myoepithelium…

A

contracts

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11
Q

neuro-epithelium

A

sensory

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12
Q

Epithelial tissue nomenclature based on

A

cell layers

cell shape

surface modifications

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13
Q

What are the three primary cell shapes?

A

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

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14
Q

What kind of cells are these?

A

Squamous

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15
Q

what cell type is this?

A

Simple Cuboidal

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16
Q

What cell type is this?

A

Columnar

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17
Q

what cell type is this?

A

transitional

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18
Q

Where would transitional cells be found?

when does it change shape?

A

urinary tract

(Bladder, renal pelvis, ureters)

empty–>squamous

full–>cuboidal

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19
Q

always name tissue based on its

A

Most superfical layer

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20
Q

The three types of layers are…

A

Simple

Layered

Pseudistratified

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21
Q

Pseudostratified are usually _____ and are usually found in _______

A

ciliated and are in the respiratory sytem

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22
Q

Endothelium

A

Linning of all vasculature

(Simple Squamous)

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23
Q

Mesothelium

A

Lines body cavity

(Simple Squamous Epithelium)

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24
Q

Epithelial tissue characteristics

A
  1. Not protective ( very thin)
  2. allows absorption and secretion
  3. controls permeability
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25
Simple Cuboidal Characteristics 1. Locations 2. Functions
1. Glands, Ducts, thyroid and kidney tubules 2. secretion and absorption
26
Simple Columnar Epithelium characteristics 1. locations 2. functions
1. Gut, gallblader, uterine tines, collecting ducts of kidneys 2. Protection (thicker), secretion, absorption
27
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium 1. Locations 2. Functions
1. Nasal cavity, trachea, brochi, poritons of male reproductive tracts 2. Protection, secretion, move mucus with cillia
28
what is this cell?
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
29
What type of cells are these?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
30
Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. Locations 2. Functions
1. Surface of the skin, linning of mouth, throat, rectum and anus 2. Protects against abrasion and pathogens
31
What type of cell will you find on the surface of the skin, linning of mouth, throat, esophagus, vagina, rectum and anus
stratified squamous epithelium
32
what type of cells are these ?
Simple columnar epithelium
33
What type of cells are these?
stratified squamous epothelium
34
What type of cells are these?
Simple Squamous
35
What type of cells are these? what are the white cells?
Simple columnar (white=goblet cells)
36
Microvili 1. what are they 2. Where do you find them?
1.30-fold enhancement of absorption increase the surface area of cell 2. gut and proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney
37
What are the Luminal surfaces modifications?
1. Microvilli 2. Stereocilia 3. Cillia
38
Stereocilia
1. Elongated (Immovable) Microvilli 2. Found in Epididymis, vas deferens, sensory epi of ear
39
Cilia
1. Motile Extension of cell 2. Moves fluid and particles 3. Dynein, ATPase activity
40
Dynein
mortor proteins that can propel
41
Microvilli are made of
actin fillament
42
Cilia are made of..
Microtubules | (9+2)
43
Epithelial Cells can be specialized to produce and secrete ...
Protein Mucin Lipid (Steroid) Ions and water
44
Epithelial Cells can be specialized to produce and secrete are controlled under
hormonal/nervous control
45
How can we can we distinguish the different types of epithelial secretory cells?
change in the organelle content
46
Gland types
Exocrine and Endocrine
47
Multicellular Glands
Exocrine made of more than one cell
48
Unicellular glands
Exocrine Glands made one one cell
49
Unicellular gland example
Goblet Cells
50
Multicellular Gland Example | (4)
Intestinal Glands Sweat Glands Salivary Glands Mammary Glands (Exocrine)
51
Branching or non branched **_duct portion_** of multicellular exocrine glands are called ?
Branched duct=compound non-branched duct =simple
52
If branches of a multicellular exocrine gland are only in the secretory portion of the gland it will be classified as ?
Simple
53
Shape of secretory portion of multicellular exocrine glands will be named?
Shape= tubular or Acinar Complexity= Coiled or Branched
54
Classify the following glands
**_Top_** Simple Tubular, Simple coiled Tubular, Simple branched tubular **_Bottom_** Simple Acinar, Simple Branched Acinar
55
Examples of Simple Tubular Glands
Intestinal Gland
56
Examples of Simple Coiled Tubular Glands
Merocrine Sweat Glands
57
Examples of simple branched tubular glands
Gastric glands Mucous Glands Esphagus tongue duodenum
58
Examples of Simple Acinar glands
Penile urethra
59
Example of Simple branched alveolar glands
sebaceous (oil) glands
60
What are these glands classified as
Left to right Compound Tubular, Compound Acinar, Compound Tubuloalveolar
61
Examples of Compound Acinar Glands
Mammary Glands
62
Examples of Compound tubular glands
Mucous glands bulbourethral glands seminiferous tubules
63
Examples of Compound Tubuloalveolar cells
salivary glands pancreas glands of the respiratory passages
64
All connective tissue comes from which germ layer?
Mesoderm/Mesenchyme
65
List the Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagen Fibers Reticulin Elastic Fibers
66
Function of Connective tissue
support cells produce abundant extracellular matrix that seperates cells from one another
67
Universally Common Extracellular Components (Matrix) (3)
Connective Tissue FIbers Ground Substance Extracellular Fluid
68
Collagen Fibers are
1. Most abundant, flexible and high strength 2.
69
Collagen Fibers are made of
Collagen fibrils, monomers, called tropocollagen (triple helix made of 3 intertwined polypeptide chains)
70
Collagen fibers aa repating pattern
Glycine, hydroxyproline or hydroxylysine, and proline
71
Type I Collagen
Strongest and most abundant (bones)
72
Type II Collagen Fibers
Hyaline Cartilage
73
Type III Collagen
Only one that branches
74
Type IV and VII Collagen Fibers
Found in the basement membrane
75
What type of tissue is this?
Collagen Fibers
76
Reticulin | (3)
1. provides supporting framework 2. composed of type III collagen 3. Branched (connective tissue fibers)
77
What is this a picture of?
Reticulin
78
Elastic Fibers
Allow for response to stretch and distension. Can Branch
79
Elastic Fibers are made of
Elastin core and fibrillin microfibrils (thinner than collagen)
80
Elastic Fibers are made by
fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells
81
Where can you find elastic fibers?
Arteries
82
What tissue is this?
Elastic Fibers
83
What tissue is this?
Elastic Fibers
84
Ground Substance
1. Clear and Viscous 2. High water content 3. Little morphological structure
85
What is the function of ground substance?
Diffusion of nutrients and wastes, lubricant, barrier
86
what is the white portion of this tissue?
ground substance
87
What is the primary component of Ground Substance?
Proteoglycans | (Large protein core molecules)
88
What are Proteoglycans?
(Primary component of ground substance) Protein core surrounded by covalently bound Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules
89
What is an example of a Proteoglycans ?
Muscin
90
Connective Tissue Proper Classification
Loose Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Irregular Regular
91
Specialized Connective Tissue | (6)
Adipose tissue Cartilage Bone Blood Hematopoietic tissue Lymphatic tissue
92
Loose Connective Tissue
Slender bundles of collagen, elastic, watery matrix, fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, fat cells
93
What is this tissue?
Loose connective tissue
94
Dense connective tissue
1. Resistance and protection 2. DCT→ fewer cells and a lot of fibers 3. Irregular and Regular
95
What tissue is this?
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
96
What is this tissue?
Dense Irregular Tissue
97
Fuctions of Adipose Tissue
Cushions Insulates Stores energy and water Endocrine tissue (adipocytokines)
98
Adipose Tissue
Dominant cell is the adipocyte (Solitary or clustered) specialized connective tissue
99
White Adipose Tissue Brown Adipose Tissue
**_White-_** spherical or polyhedral (highly vascular) **_Brown_**- many blood vessels and Mitochondria,Polygonal
100
What is this tissue?
White Adipose Tissue
101
What tissue is this?
Brown Adipose Tissue

Cellular Metabolism 1 (12 decks)

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