Histology: Glands and secretion Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
Organs in the human body that would be made up of epithelial cells that function mainly to produce and secrete various macromolecules.
A
Glands
2
Q
___can be used in the body or they can be discharged into the surroundings
A
Macromolecules
3
Q
Macromolecules that are useful
A
secretions from pancreatic gland
salivary gland
4
Q
Macromolecules that can be discharged
A
secretions from the sweat glands
5
Q
Functions of glands
A
Synthesize, store and release proteins, lipids, complexes of carbohydrates and proteins
6
Q
secretes substances mainly made up of proteins
A
Pancreas
7
Q
secretes lipids
A
Adrenal and Sebaceous glands
8
Q
secretes complexes of carbohydrates and proteins
A
Salivary gland
9
Q
secretes milk which is actually composed of all of the above substances (proteins, lipids, complexes of carbohydrates and proteins)
A
Mammary gland
10
Q
Some glands have ____ activity and secrete mostly ___ and ____
A
little synthetic
water and electrolytes
11
Q
Elaboration or release or discharge of fluids by epithelial cells containing various substances usually mucin, enzymes or hormones needed by the body
A
Secretion
12
Q
Secretion does not require expenditure of energy (ATP) thus work is performed, T/F
A
False- requires
13
Q
Elaboration or release of waste products not
needed by the body
A
Excretion
14
Q
T/f, Excretion doesn’t require energy therefore no work is
Performed
A
true
15
Q
Epithelial linings of internal body surfaces
lubricated by mucin
A
Mucous membranes
16
Q
___is a product of combination of water and glycoprotein (mucin
A
Mucus
17
Q
a.k.a. scattered secretory cells
A
UNICELLULAR GLANDS
18
Q
T/F, Secretory cells are not distributed among non-secretory cells
A
False- distributed
19
Q
Class of glands common in columnar, cuboidal and pseudostratified epithelium
A
UNICELLULAR GLANDS
20
Q
Example of Unicellular glands
A
Goblet cells
21
Q
important component in the lining of the intestines (columnar epithelium) and respiratory tract (pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium)
A
Goblet cells
22
Q
Secretes lubricating mucus that aids in the function of the intestines and respiratory tract
A
Goblet cells
23
Q
Developed from the covering epithelia in the fetus by self-proliferation and growth in the underlying connective tissue followed by further differentiation
A
MULTICELLULAR GLANDS
24
Q
Formed by invagination of epithelial layers in deeper tissue to form a diverticulum
A
MULTICELLULAR GLANDS
25
Parts of MULTICELLULAR GLANDS
o Proximal part
o Distal part
26
Part of MULTICELLULAR GLANDS that forms duct
Proximal part
27
Parts of MULTICELLULAR GLANDS
o Distal part
28
MULTICELLULAR GLANDS differentiate into?
exocrine and endocrine glands.
29
TYPES OF MULTICELLULAR GLAND
EXOCRINE GLAND
ENDOCRINE GLAND
30
Glands will remain connected with the surface epithelium through the duct and deliver the secreted material where it is going to be used.
EXOCRINE GLAND
31
Example of Exocrine glands
Lacrimal gland (in the eyes),
Salivary gland,
Urethral gland,
Intestinal glands
32
Releases hormones which will exert their effect at a distant target organ and loose their connection to their original epithelium
ENDOCRINE GLAND
33
ENDOCRINE GLAND do not have ducts, T/F
True
34
They have thin walled vessels (capillaries) that are going to be adjacent to the endocrine cells
ENDOCRINE GLAND
35
secrete products directly into the bloodstream
endocrine glands
36
Examples of endocrine glands
Pituitary gland, Pineal Gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Ovaries
37
\_\_\_ have both endocrine and exocrine components
Testis, Pancreas
38
pancreatic gland that discharge pancreatic juice into small intestine
EXOCRINE GLAND
39
pancreatic gland that discharge various hormones such as insulin from beta cells
endocrine
40
pour their secretions onto an epithelial surface directly or through ducts
EXOCRINE GLAND
41
Organ that secretes erythropoietin (EPO)
kidney
42
hormone that stimulates blood cell production
Erythropoietin
43
Target organ of Erythropoietin
Target organ: Bone Marrow
44
organized as a continuous system of many small secretory portions and ducts that transport the secretion out of the gland
Epithelia of exocrine glands
45
small secretory systems that transport secretions out of the gland
Secretory acini
46
both endocrine and exocrine gland, units are supported by a \_\_\_.
stroma of connective tissue
47
layers of tissue are surrounding the larger ducts to form ____ separating the glands into lobes and lobules.
partitions or septa
48
CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS ACCORDING TO BRANCH FEATURE
SIMPLE GLANDS
COMPOUND GLANDS
49
Type of exocrine glands in which DUCTS do not branch, open directly to surfaces
SIMPLE GLANDS
50
Type of exocrine glands in which DUCTS branch out into several secretory units
COMPOUND GLANDS
51
Secretory units drain into smaller ducts that converge into one large duct
COMPOUND GLANDS
52
CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS ACCORDING TO MECHANISM OF EXOCRINE GLAND SECRETION
I. MEROCRINE SECRETION
II. HOLOCRINE SECRETION
III. APOCRINE SECRETION
53
Most common method of protein or glycoprotein secretion
MEROCRINE SECRETION
54
Involves exocytosis from membrane bound vesicles or secretory granules
MEROCRINE SECRETION
55
MEROCRINE SECRETION release their secretion either by ___ or ____ with the glandular cell remaining intact;
diffusion or exocytosis
56
most common manner of secretion
MEROCRINE SECRETION
57
Manner at which Salivary glands and pancreatic glands are secreted
MEROCRINE SECRETION
58
T/f, Most exocrine glands are merocrine
true
59
Releases product and debris into the gland’s lumen as cells disintegrate
HOLOCRINE SECRETION
60
Seen in sebaceous glands producing lipids rich materials in the skin.
HOLOCRINE SECRETION
61
As the cell grows larger, it accumulates more and more products and eventually, this cell will disintegrate and would release their secretion into the lumen of the duct
HOLOCRINE SECRETION
62
Meibomian gland of the eyelid undergoes what type of secretion
HOLOCRINE SECRETION
63
Best example of Holocrine glands
Sebaceous glands of hair follicles
64
Products accumulate in the apical ends where a portion of cell will be extruded to release products with small amounts of cytoplasm and cell membrane
APOCRINE SECRETION
65
lipid droplets by mammary glands undergoes what type of secretion
APOCRINE SECRETION
66
Part of the glandular cell usually the ___ is discharged with the secretion which causes damage to the part of cell/loss of cytoplasm
apical portion
67
Example of apocrine secretion
Mammary glands
68
CLASSIFICATION OF EXOCRINE GLANDS ACCORDING TO NATURE OF SECRETORY PRODUCTS
I. MUCOUS GLANDS
II. SEROUS GLANDS
69
SECRETORY PRODUCTS WILL HAVE DISTINCT STAINING PROPERTIES
secretions of mucous and serous glands
70
Contain mucous cells
MUCOUS GLANDS
71
Goblet cells are what type of exocrine
MUCOUS GLANDS
72
The Cytoplasm of MUCOUS GLANDS is filled with secretory granules containing \_\_\_
mucinogen
73
MUCOUS GLANDS stain ___ with H&E and therefore gives \_\_\_
very lightly
empty look
74
In Mucous glands, the Nuclei is basally placed and rounded, T/F
F- flattened
75
\_\_\_pushes the nuclei of Mucous glands
mucoid
76
Mucous glands have\_\_\_ and \_\_\_that are filled apically with secretory granules
RER
Golgi complexes
77
heavily glycosylated proteins in mucous glands
mucin
78
Mucin has \_\_\_binding properties
water
79
Mucin is \_\_\_when released from the cell
hydrated
80
Water + Mucin =
Mucus layer
81
\_\_\_\_ is usually washed from cells during routine histological preparation
Hydrophilic mucus
82
Hydrophilic mucus stain \_\_\_with eosin; therefore looks \_\_\_
poorly
empty
83
What should be present in a developing mucinogen granules to allow the mucous cells to be stained by the Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) Method
sufficient oligosaccharides
84
Mucous gland secretions contain \_\_\_which collects in the ___ part of cell
mucopolysaccharides
apical
85
Contain serous cells
SEROUS GLANDS
86
In SEROUS GLANDS, the cells have well developed RER and Golgi complex. T/F
true
87
Serous cells are filled apically with ___ in different stages of maturation
secretory granules
88
Serous cells stain intensely with ___ and \_\_\_\_
basophilic and acidophilic stains
89
Secretions of SEROUS GLANDS are
thin, watery, rich in enzymes, protein in nature
90
The cytoplasm of SEROUS GLANDS are
granular & rich in RER
91
The cytoplasm of SEROUS GLANDS stains
darkly from pink to dark purple with H&E
92
The nuclei of SEROUS GLANDS are
Rounded and basally placed
93
SEROUS GLANDS synthesize proteins that are mostly \_\_\_\_
not glycosylated
94
Example of serous gland secretion
Digestive Enzymes
95
E.g. of serous cells
Acini of Pancreas and
Parotid Salivary glands
96
Contain both serous and mucous secretory units
MIXED GLANDS
97
They have serous acini and mucous tubules with clustered serous cells
MIXED GLANDS
98
Product of MIXED GLANDS are a mixture of ___ and \_\_\_\_
digestive enzymes and watery mucous
99
Serous cells form crescentic caps on mucous acini called \_\_\_\_
serous demilunes
100
Contractile cells that are rich in actin filaments and myosin
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS
101
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS are found at \_\_\_\_\_
basal ends of secretory units
102
Have long processes that will embrace an acinus as an octopus might embrace a rounded boulder
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS
103
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS are bound to basal lamina by \_\_\_\_
hemidesmosomes
104
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS are connected to epithelial cell by ___ and \_\_\_\_
gap junction and desmosomes
105
Contraction of MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS propel secretory products from the ____ to the \_\_\_
acini to the duct system
106
Includes sweat glands, lacrimal glands, salivary glands and mammary glands
MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS
107
Lack myoepithelial cells
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
108
Specialized for protein or steroid hormone synthesis
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
109
Proteins of ENDOCRINE GLANDS are released by \_\_\_
exocytosis
110
Lipophilic steroids are released by \_\_\_through ____ for uptake by binding proteins outside the cell
diffusion
cell membrane
111
ENDOCRINE GLANDS targets \_\_\_\_\_
cells throughout the body
112
\_\_ glands in which secreted substances are hormones carried throughout the body by the interstitial fluid and blood, with specificity produced by the hormone receptors of target cells.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
113
ENDOCRINE GLANDS lack ducts, T/F
true
114
Substance Action of ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Autocrine action
Paracrine action
Endocrine action
115
substance produced will act on itself
Autocrine action
116
substances produced will act on
Paracrine action
117
substance produced is transferred to distant cell through circulatory system
Endocrine action
118
The liver's endocrine gland produces and secrete \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and ___ into the bloodstream.
plasma proteins, clotting factors and insulin-like growth factors
119
The liver's exocrine gland secretes\_\_\_ into the digestive system for chemical digestion of lipids.
bile
120
endocrine cells of pancreas is called
Islet of Langerhans
121
exocrine cells of pancreas is/are called
cells surrounding the Islet
122
Adrenal Cortex of the Adrenal Gland only has (endocrine or exocrine) Function???
endocrine
123
layer of adrenal gland that secretes Aldosterone
Zona Glomerulosa
124
layer of adrenal gland that secretes cortisol
Zona Fasciculata
125
layer of adrenal gland that secretes androgens
Zona Reticularis
126
Layers of adrenal cortex
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis
Capsule
127
Simple branched acinar exocrine glands within the skin
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
128
SEBACEOUS GLANDS release a fatty substance known as\_\_\_ in follicular ducts
sebum
129
Sebum helps the skin to be ___ and \_\_\_.
flexible and prevents water loss.
130
SEBACEOUS GLANDS is a what type of secretion
holocrine
131
The sebum in SEBACEOUS GLANDS is going to be released when these secretory cells \_\_\_\_\_
degenerate or disintegrate
132
Entire sebaceous cell is filled up with \_\_\_\_- rich product as they differentiate
lipid
133
separate and disintegrate to release lipid that serves to protect and lubricate adjacent skin and hair
Mature cells (a.k.a. Terminally differentiated cell)
134
SEBACEOUS GLANDS is filled with myoepithelial cells, T/F
false, lacks
135
\_\_\_\_ in SEBACEOUS GLANDS inside a dense, inelastic consecutive tissue capsule continuously forces product into the duct
Cell proliferation
136
T/F. MAMMARY GLANDS demonstrate apocrine secretion
true
137
Products of MAMMARY GLANDS are lack cell membrane
false- enclosed
138
Only Apocrine secretion can occur in MAMMARY GLANDS, T/F
False- both Apocrine and Merocrine secretion can occur
139
Contractile cells
Myoepithelial cells
140
Light stained cells
Mucous Cell
141
Heavily stained cells
Serous Cell
142
Crescentic caps on mucous acini
Serous demilunes
143
Process in which protein is release in endocrine glands
Exocytosis
144
Action when substances produced will act on nearby cells
Paracrine Action
145
Lipophilic steroids are released through cell membrane by
Diffusion
146
Type of secretion seen in sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles.
Holocrine secretion
147
Most common type of gland that release secretory products via exocytosis.
Merocrine glands
148
Contractile cells that are absent in sebaceous glands.
Myoeopithelial cells
149
Secretes lubricating substance that aid stomach
Goblet cells
150
Identify
*Respiratory epithelium with goblet cells (top) and intestinal epithelium with goblet cells (bottom)*
151
Identify all parts
152
Identify
Simple tubular
153
Identify
Branched tubular
154
Features of simple tubular
155
Branched tubular
156
Example of simple tubular
157
Example of branched tubular
158
Identify
Coiled tubular
159
Identify
Acinar or alveolar
160
Identify
Branched acinar
161
Coiled tubular
162
Acinar/ Alveolar
163
Branched acinar
164
sweat gland structure
Coiled tubular
165
small mucous glands along urethra structure
acinar/alveolar
166
sebaceous glands on skin structure
branched acinar
167
identify
acinar/alveolar
168
identify
tubuloacinar
169
acinar/alveolar
170
tubuloacinar
171
submucosal glands of brunner in the duodenum structure
tubular
172
Merocrine
173
holocrine
174
aprocrine
175
