Histology Nasal Mucosa And Larynx Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
What two segments is the nasal cavity divided into
A
Olfactory Segment, Respiratory Segment
2
Q
What divides the nasal cavity
A
Nasal septum
3
Q
How many Horizontal Outgrowths are there and what are the called
A
3, nasal Conchae or Turbinates
4
Q
What is the purpose of the turbinates
A
Disrupt the airflow, directing it towards the olfactory epithelium on the surface of the turbinates and the septum
5
Q
What are the names of the three concha
A
Superior concha, middle concha, inferior concha
6
Q
What is the purpose of the olfactory epithelium
A
Detects and transmits odors
7
Q
What type of cells are in the Olfactory epithelium
A
Pseudostratified tall columnar epithelium without goblet cells and without motile cilae (lack of dynein)
8
Q
What are the 3 types of cells in the olfactory epithelium
A
Supportive, Basal, Olfactory (sensory)
9
Q
What is used to distinguish the different cells in the olfactory epithelium
A
Shape and Location of nucleus
10
Q
Where are supportive cells located
A
More superficially in epithelium
11
Q
Where are Olfactory cells located
A
Between supportive and basal cells
12
Q
Where are basal cells located
A
Base of the epithelium
13
Q
True or False basal cells are short
A
True
14
Q
Where are Olfactory (Bowman’s) glands located
A
Lamina propria of mucosa
15
Q
In which Cell type in the Olfactory Epithelium do bipolar neurons for the olfactory nerves
A
Olfactory Cells
16
Q
Where do Olfactory nerves pass through
A
Cribiform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
17
Q
Where do the olfactory nerves terminate
A
Dendrites of mitral Cells located in the glomeruli of olfactory bulb
18
Q
How do incoming oderants become soluble
A
Secretions from Bowman’s gland
19
Q
Where are the odorant binding proteins located in the olfactory epithelium
A
Apical piles of neurons covered in on motile cilia
20
Q
What two parts do the Olfactory Nerve Cells consist of
A
Small Axon, Peripheral Process
21
Q
Which part of the olfactory nerve cell is the olfactory hair projects found
A
Peripheral Process
22
Q
What 3 Cells and fiber are found in the Olfactory Bulb
A
Mitral cell, granular cell, synaptic glomerulus, tufted Cells
23
Q
Which cell type is located more superficially in the epithelium
A
Supporting cells
24
Q
What cell type in the Olfactory epithelium has tall columnar Cells with Microvilli
A
Supporting cells
25
Which cell type in the Olfactory Epithelium provides metabolic and physical support for olfactory nerve cells
Supporting cells
26
Which cell type rests in the basal lamina of the epithelium
Basal cells
27
How long do basal cells take to replace epithelium
2-4 weeks
28
What are the two types of basal cells
Horizontal and globose basal cells
29
Which cell type in the Olfactory Epithelium are capable of division and differentiation
Basal cells
30
Where are the Serous Olfactory Glands (Bowman’s Gland) located
Connective tissue below epithelium
31
What type of glands are serous glands
Tubuloalveolar serous secreting glands
32
What is the role of the secretions from the serous olfactory glands (Bowman’s gland)
Trap and dissolve odiferous substances
33
What are the three areas involved in neurogenesis
Olfactory bulb
Debate gyrus of hippocampus
Subventricular Zone
34
What are the 4 cell types of the subventricular zone
Type A, B, C, E
35
Type A cells later migrate to the Olfactory Bulb through what stream
Rostral Migratory Stream
36
What cells in the subventricular zone later becomes the GABA and Dopamine producing interneurons
Type A
37
Type A Cells later become what neurotransmitters
GABA and Dopamine
38
What cell type in the subventricular zone has slowly divides radial-like progenitors
Type B cells
39
What cell type in the subventricular zone has rapidly dividing progenitors
Type C cells
40
What cell type in the subventricular zone has ependymal ciliated Cells
Type E cells
41
What is the Neuronal Lineage in the rostral Migratory System
B-C-A
42
What cell type are these identifiable markers GFAP, Vimentin, Nestin
B
43
What cell type are these identifiable marker Dlx2, Nestin
Type C
44
What cell type are these identifiable marker PSA-NCAM, Dlx2, Tuj1, Hu
Type A
45
Where does the olfactory nerve synapse
In the Mitral Cells in the Olfactory bulb
46
What lobe does the olfactory tract run to
Frontal lobe
47
What does the olfactory tract divide into
Median and Lateral Olfactory Striae
48
What carries the axons to the olfactory area of the cerebral cortex
Lateral Stria
49
What type of epithelial cells are in the respiratory segment
Cilliated Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium with Globlet Cells
50
What is the purpose of the respiratory segment
The cilia and mucus along the inside of the nasal cavity, trap and remove dust and pathogens form the air
The cilia moves the mucus down the nasal cavity to the pharynx where it can be swallowed
51
What conchae are located in the respiratory segment
Middle and inferior conchae
52
True or false, the respiratory segment has a very vascularized lamina propria
True
53
How often does the cycle of the conchae mucosa engorge in blood, restricting airflow, causing the air to be directed to the other side of the nose
20-30 minutes
54
Which regions do nose bleeds usually occur
Inferior concha
55
What’s another name for nose bleeds
Epistaxis
56
What stains are used in the inferior concha
Alcian blue and Van Gieson
57
Where is the vomeronasal organ located
Back of the septum
58
What is the role of the vomeronasal organ
Detect Pheromones
59
True or False, the sinus Epithelium has lymphoid tissue
False
60
True or False, the sinus epithelium is thicker with more goblet cells than the respiratory type epithelium
False it is thinner with fewer globlet cells
61
Nasal Cavities open posteriorly in the _______ and continues causally with the _______
Nasopharynx
| Oropharynx
62
What is the function of the larynx
Breathing
Sound Production
Protecting the trachea against food aspiration
63
True or False the Larynx manipulates pitch and volume
True
64
Where are the vocal cords located
Larynx
65
The histological structure of the vocal cord can be separated into how many tissues
5 or 6
66
What are the 3 sections of the vocal cords
The cover, transition and the body
67
What does the cover of the vocal cords consist of
Epithelium (mucosa)
Basal lamina (basement membrane)
Superficial layer of the lamina propria mucosae
68
What does the transition consist of
Intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria
69
What is the body composed of
Thyroarytenoid muscle
70
What is the free edge of the vibratory portion of the vocal fold called
Anterior glottis
71
What type of epithelium covers the anterior glottis
Stratified squamous epithelium
72
How thick is the epithelium of the cover
5-25 cells thick
73
What is on the surface of the epithelial cells on the cover
Microridges and microvilli
74
What is the purpose of the microridges and microvilli
To spread and retain a mucous coat on the epithelium
75
What is the purpose of the epithelium
Maintain the shape of the vocal cords
76
What is essential for normal phonation and to avoid excessive abrasion of the vocal cords
Lubrications
77
What are the two zones of the basal lamina called
Lamina lucida
| Lamina sends
78
What part of the basal lamina has a low density clear zone medial to the epithelial basal cells
Lamina lucida
79
What part of the basal lamina has a greater density of filaments and adjacent to the lamina propria
Lamina densa
80
What part of the basal lamina provides. Physical support to the epithelium and is essential for repair of epithelium
Lamina densa
81
What part of the cover contains loose fibrous components and extra cellular matrices that can be compared to soft gelatin
Superficial layer of the lamina propria
82
What term is given to to the extracellular matrixes that can be compared to soft gelatin
Reinke’s Space
83
Which part of the vocal cords vibrates a great deal during phonation and has the viscoelasticity needed to support the vibratory function
Superficial layer of the lamina propria
84
What does the primary extracellular matrices of the vocal cord contain
Reticular, collagenous, elastic fibers as well glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans
85
What is the purpose of the fibers in the superficial layer of the lamina propria
Provides tensile strength and resilience so that the vocal fold may vibrate freely but still retain their shape
86
What fibers make up the intermediate layer of the lamina propria
Elastic fibers
87
What fibers make up the deep layers of the lamina propria
Collagenous fibers
88
The fibres run roughly parallels to the vocal fold edge and the two layers of the lamina propria comprises of the
Vocal ligament
89
What is the purpose of the transitional layer of the vocal cord
Support of the Vocal Folds
| Providing adhesion between the mucosa (cover), the body (thuroarytenoid muscle)
90
What is the body of the vocal cord comprise of
Thyroarytenoid and Vocalis muscle
| Thyrovocalis and Thyromuscularis
91
What type of epithelium is in the true vocal cords
Stratifies squamous non keratinized epithelium
92
What type of muscle is in the vocalis muscle
Skeletal muscle
93
What type of epithelium lines the False vocal cord
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
94
What type of glands are in the lamina propria of the False vocal cords
Seromucous glands
95
What structures are present in the lamina propria of the False vocal cords
Blood vessels, lymphatic nodules, adipose Cells and seromucous glands
96
What separates the the False vocal cord form the true vocal cord
Ventricle
97
What is located at the apex of the true vocal cord
Vocalis Ligament
98
What is located adjacent to the true vocal cords
Skeletal Vocalis muscle
99
What 2 types of cartilages provide support for the larynx
Hyaline and cricoid cartilage
100
What type of Epithelium is in the lower larynx
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
101
The are ______ layers of lamina propria in infants and _______ layers of lamina propria in adults
1,3
102
True or False, there are no vocal ligaments before 4 years of age
True
103
During Puberty, voice change is controlled by
Sex hormones
104
In females, the vocal is muscle _______ slightly, but remains ______ and ________
Thickens, supple and narrow
105
In females, During puberty the _________ differentiated into 3 district layers on the _________
Squamous mucosa, free edge of the vocal folds
106
The sub and supraglottic mucosa becomes hormone dependent to which two hormones in females
Estrogen and progesterone
107
In males, what hormone causes change in cartilages and musculature of larynx
Testosterone
108
What structure appears during puberty for males
Thyroid prominence
109
He vocal cords _______ and become rounded and epithelium ____ with formation of the three layers of the lamina propria in males
Lengthen , thickens
110
In adulthood, the elastic content _____ with age
Increases ( decreased ability of lamina propria to expand )
111
In old age the vocal muscle
Atrophies
112
What structure is the superior part of the larynx that projects upward from the larynx wall
Epiglottis
113
What type of cartilage forms the core of the epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
114
What type of epithelium lines the lingual and part of the laryngeal surface
Stratified squamous epithelium
115
What Epithelium lines the base of the epiglottis
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
116
Where are taste buds present
Lingual and laryngeal epithelium
