Sinusistis, Epitaxis, Hoarseness And Strido

Question 1

What is the term used to characterize a change in the quality of voice

Answer 1

Hoarseness

Question 2

Hoarseness is a symptom of

Answer 2

Disturbance of the physiology of true vocal cords

Question 3

Persistent Hoarseness occurs for more than ______ weeks

Answer 3

2 weeks

Question 4

What area of the respiratory tract should be visualized when there is persistent hoarseness

Answer 4

Larynx

Question 5

What are the different causes of hoarseness

Answer 5

Intrinsic Lesion of vocal cords
Neural Lesion: Vagus or recurrent laryngeal
Neuromuscular junction lesion
Lesion of the layngeal muscles or arthritis of the cricoartyenoid joint

Question 6

What causes intrinsic lesion of true vocal cords

Answer 6

Acute and chronic laryngitis
Vocal Cord Nodules
Laryngeal papillomatosis
Carcinoma of the larynx

Question 7

What are the causes of hoarseness due to neural lesions

Answer 7

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

Lesions of Vagus

Question 8

What are the different lesions of the vagus

Answer 8

Supranuclear (cortico fibres)
Nuclear lesions (nucleus ambiguous in the medulla )
Infranuclear lesions( posterior cranial fossa, jugular foremen, neck, thorax)

Question 9

What are the causes of subnuclear lesions

Answer 9

Cerebrovascular accident

Question 10

What are the different causes of nuclear lesions

Answer 10

Bulbar Poliomyelitis
Motor neuron disease
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (PICA)

Question 11

What are the different causes of posterior fossa lesions

Answer 11

Acoustic Neuroma

Meningioma

Question 12

What are the different causes of Jugular Foramen lesions

Answer 12

Glomus Jugulare

Metastatic carcinoma of the nasopharynx

Question 13

What causes cervical lesions

Answer 13

Thyroid surgery
Penetrating neck injuries
Carotid body surgery
Radial neck dissection

Question 14

What causes thoracic lesions

Answer 14

Carcinoma of oesophagus
Tuberculous or metastatic nodes
Aortic aneurysm or aneurysm surgery

Question 15

What is the term given to an auditory manifestation of laryngeal or tracheal obstruction

Answer 15

Strider

Question 16

What is normally the sound of strider patients

Answer 16

High pitch

Question 17

What is an example of only inspiratory stridor

Answer 17

Glottic obstruction

Question 18

What is an example of both inspiratory and exploratory stridor

Answer 18

Subglottis and trachea

Question 19

Give examples of congenital stridor

Answer 19

Laryngomalacia
Bilateral vocal cord palsy
Congenital subglottic stenosis
Subglottic haemangioma 
Vocal cord web
Vocal cord cyst

Question 20

What is the 90% diagnosis of the type of congenital stridor

Answer 20

Laryngomalalacia

Question 21

What part in the respiratory tract is said to be immature in Laryngomalacia patients

Answer 21

Laryngeal cartilage

Question 22

Try or false, patients with Laryngomalacia have a normal cry

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which position causes Laryngomalacia to worsen

Answer 23

Supine position

Question 24

What is the typical onset of Laryngeal papillomatosis

Answer 24

Less than 5 years

Question 25

True or false, in Laryngeal Papillomatosis, there is initial hoarseness then stridor

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What virus usually causes Laryngeal Papillomatosis

Answer 26

HPV types 6,11

Question 27

What is used in the examining and treating of Laryngeal Papillomatosis

Answer 27

Microlaryngoscopy | CO2 laser

Question 28

What are the common causes of stridor in adults

Answer 28

``` Upper Aerodigestive cancers Cancer of the larynx, hypopharynx, oesophagus Thyroid cancer Bilateral vocal cord palsy Post thyroidectomy, bulbar palsy Blunt and penetrating cervical injuries ```

Question 29

What is use in speech rehabilitation therapy post laryngectomy

Answer 29

Blom-Singer Valve | Electronic Larynx

Question 30

What are the blood supplies to the nose

Answer 30

External carotid Maxillary - sphenopalatine, greater palatine Facial- superior labial branch Internal Carotid Anterior and Posterior ethmoid arteries

Question 31

What individuals would more likely have a posterior bleed

Answer 31

Elderly

Question 32

What is the usual cause and area of a posterior bleed

Answer 32

Elderly Hypertensive Plexus of Woodruff(nasopharyngeal plexus)

Question 33

What is the usual area for an anterior bleed

Answer 33

Littles area

Question 34

What causes septal perforations

Answer 34

Cocaine abuse Post surgery Post penetrating surgery Syphillis

Question 35

What are benign neoplasms

Answer 35

Inverted papilloma | Angiofibroma

Question 36

What are the malignant neoplasms

Answer 36

Squamous cell Ca nose or sinuses Olfactory neuroblastoma Nasopharyngeal Ca

Question 37

What are the general causes of neoplasms

Answer 37

``` Hypertension Pregnancy Warfarin, Heparin NSAID Heriditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Congenital Coagulopathy ```

Question 38

What is the usual cause of bilateral epistaxis

Answer 38

Posterior bleed Severe epistaxis Septal perforation Bleeding disorder

Question 39

What are the two types of cautery devices

Answer 39

Chemical | Electrical

Question 40

What can be used for Haemostasis

Answer 40

Nasal Tamponade Cautery Nasal Packs Ligation of maxillary, anterior ethmoidal, external carotid artery

Question 41

Sinusitis usually is as a result of disease in the _________ complex

Answer 41

Ostiomeatal

Question 42

Where is the osteomeatal complex

Answer 42

Middle meatus