Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

COM-GI > Histology of Esophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Histology of Esophagus and Stomach Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

4 layers of the GI tract

A

Musosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 contents of mucosa (innermost layer of GI tract)

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 types of epithelium (innermost layer of mucosa) w/in GI tract

Where is each found?

A

Stratified squamous - oral, esophagus, anus

Simple columnar - stomach to rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of epithelium (simple columnar) w/in the GI tract mucosa

A

Permeability barrier, absorption, hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is superficial to epithelia w/in mucosa?

Contents?

A

Lamina propria

Loose CT, immune cells, Peyer’s patches/GALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the immune cells and Peyer’s Patches/GALT w/in the lamina propria of the GI mucosa?

A

Fight off ingested pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Layer superficial to lamina propria w/in mucosa

Function?

A

Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle)

Increase S.A. by churning, helping w/ motility, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Layer superficial to mucosa w/in GI wall

Contents?

A

Submucosa

Dense irregular CT, large BV’s, lymph, nerves, glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are villi?

Where are they seen?

Function?

A

Projections of ONLY mucosa into the lumen

Off of rugae and plicae in the stomach and SI

Increase absorptive capacity/S.A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are rugae and plicae?

Have what on them?

A

Extensions of mucosa AND submucosa into the lumen

Microvilli on the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Layer of GI wall superficial to submucosa

Layers of that?

A

Muscularis externa

Longitudinal (outer) layer
Circular (inner) layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Actions of longitudinal and circular mm. w/in the muscularis externa

A

L: reduce tube length

C: reduce lumen diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outermost layer of GI wall, outside of muscularis externa

Which organs have which types?

A

Adventitia - outside peritoneal cavity

Serosa - inside peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of adventitia

Contents?

A

Binds structure to body wall

Loose CT, blood vessels, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contents of serosa

A

Loose CT, simple squamous epithelium, BVs, nn., adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 types of innervation of the GI tract

A

Extrinsic (ANS)

Intrinsic (enteric plexuses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Overall result of extrinsic sympathetic innervation of gut tube

A

Decrease motility and secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Overall result of extrinsic parasympathetic innervation of gut tube

A

Increase motility and secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functions of intrinsic innervations of gut tube

Study These Flashcards
A

Peristaltic contractions, secretions, churning, etc.

20
Q

Mucosal epithelium in esophagus

Purpose

Study These Flashcards
A

Stratified squamous

Friction-resistant, non-absorptive

21
Q

Function of the smooth muscle in esophagus

What other layer helps with this?

Study These Flashcards
A

Remains relaxed such that relaxation after distention by food bolus will help push food down

Lamina propria - elastic CT for returning tube to normal shape

22
Q

Main glands in esophagus

Why?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mucus glands

Aid in digestion once reaches stomach

23
Q

What changes in the gastroesophageal junction?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mucosal epithelium - becomes simple columnar w/ more glands for secretions

24
Q

Extra glands at the G-E junction?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cardiac glands - extra mucus glands w/in lamina propria for additional help w/ digestion

25
Esophageal varices Risk?
Increased liver pressure cause blood back-up in portal-caval system Veins of esophagus dilate and bulge into esophagus Can break and bleed w/ eating
26
How does muscularis externa change along the esophagus?
Upper 1/3 = skeletal and voluntary Lower 1/3 = smooth and involuntary
27
Causes of GERD Worst consequence of it? Risk of what?
Esophagitis, fibrosis at LES, etc. Barrett's esophagus - changed epithelia to simple columnar Esophageal cancer
28
2 functions of stomach
Homogenize food Chemically process food
29
How does the stomach protect itself from acid degradation, etc.?
Has a protective layer of mucus for that
30
Where are gastric glands located w/in the walls? 5 cell types in gastric glands
W/in gastric pits Mucus neck cells, chief (peptic) cells, parietal cells, stem cells, gastroentero-endocrine cells
31
Describe the structure of a gastric gland
A hole w/ "pit" cells at top, "neck" cells in middle, and "body" cells at bottom
32
Function of mucus cells
Produce mucins for the protective mucus layer and to trap bicarb ions, as well as aid in digestion
33
Function of chief cells Stimulated by what?
Make pepsinogen for protein digestion Chewing and swallowing, as well as by secretin from GEE cells
34
Function of parietal cells What does it need to work?
Secrete HCl and IF H+/K+ ATP-ase to pump out protons that join w/ Cl-
35
Autoimmune gastritis
Auto-antibodies made against the H+/K+ ATPase of parietal cells Causes decreased HCl and IF secretion, thus B12 deficiency --> pernicious anemia
36
What stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl?
ACh causes gastrin release from enteroendorcine cells Gastrin stimulates the parietal cells
37
Helicobacter pylori How is it controlled? Can cause what?
Bacteria that can live in very acidic environment of stomach Mucus blanket keeps them in certain locations Peptic ulcers
38
Functions of gasteroentero-endocrine cells
Produce 6 peptide hormones Regulate H2O, electolytes, enzyme secretions, motility, pH
39
6 peptide hormones released by GEE cells
Secretin, gastrin, CCK, GIP, motilin, ghrelin
40
Location and function of secretin Ultimately to do what?
Duodenum Stimulate bicarb. and fluid release (mucus cells), stimulate pepsinogen release (chief cells), inhibit gastrin release (other GEE cells) Control gastric acid secretion and regulate pH
41
Location, cell type, functions of gastrin In response to what?
Pylorus G-cells Stimulate HCl production (parietal cells) Activate CCK for gallbladder contraction for bile release In response to food present or on its way
42
Location and functions of CCK Induced by what?
Duodenum GB contraction, sphincter of Oddi relaxation Fat-rich food in duodenum
43
Location and function of GIP Induced by what?
Duodenum Insulin release When glucose detected in S.I.
44
Function of motilin When is it released?
GI motility Every 90 minutes during fasting, uses neural control mechanism for its release
45
Location and function of Ghrelin Induced when?
Fundus of stomach Growth hormone secretion --> hypothalamus --> hunger sensation During fasting, etc.
46
Added muscle layer w/in stomach wall Function?
Oblique layer between the other two For "ringing" motion
47
What forms the pyloric sphincter?
Thickened region of the circular muscle layer

COM-GI (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions