Histology of the Eye and Visual Pathways

Question 1

Infection of within which of the following structures is called a stye?

A. Tarsal (Meibomian) Gland

B. Sebaceous (Zeis) gland

C. Lacrimal Gland

D. Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctiva

Answer 1

Sebaceous (Zeis) gland

Question 2

Secretions from which of the folloing glands or structures slows the evaporation of tears?

A. Tarsal (Meibomian) Gland

B. Sebaceous (Zeis) gland

C. Lacrimal Gland

D. Palpebral and Bulbar Conjunctiva

Answer 2

Tarsal (Meibomian) Gland

Question 3

What type of epithelium is associated with the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 3

Stratified Columnar Epithelium w/ goblet cells

Question 4

Specify what structures you will find each of the chambers between.

Anterior Chamber

Posterior Chamber

Vitreous Chamber/Body

Answer 4

Anterior Chamber: Cornea and Iris

Posterior Chamber: Iris and Lens

Vitreous Body.Chamber: Lens and Retina

CAIP LVR (“cape lover”)

Question 5

The Vitreous body is filled with vitreous humor, which provides what function for the eye?

Answer 5

Maintains shape of the eye

Question 6

Which of the following is comprised of dense irregular connective tissue and functions to protect the eye, maintain the eye’s shape, and act as an attachment for extraoccular muscles?

A. Sclera

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Iris

E. Ciliary Body

Answer 6

Sclera

Question 7

Which of the following functions to refract light, and protect the anterior surface of the eye?

A. Sclera

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Iris

E. Ciliary Body

Answer 7

Cornea

Question 8

Which of the following is highly vascularized areolar connective tissue? What is it’s function for the eye?

A. Iris

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Ciliary Body

Answer 8

Choroid

• supply nourishment to retina
• absorb extra light

Question 9

Which of the following is covered with a secretory epithelium? What is the structures main function?

A. Iris

B. Choroid

C. Cornea

D. Ciliary Body

Answer 9

Ciliary Body

change the shape of the lens

Question 10

What layer of the retina provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells?

Answer 10

Pigmented Layer

Question 11

What type of epithelium is the Corneal Epithelium comprised of?

What type of epithelium is the Corneal ENDOthelium comprised of?

Which of the two houses stem cells for the cornea in its limbus region?

Answer 11

Epithelium: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

• houses corneal stem cells

Endothelium: Simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

T/F: The Stroma of the cornea is avascular

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What layer of the cornea faces the anterior chamber, or in other words is the most posterior layer?

Answer 13

Cornea Endothelium

Question 14

The vascular coat consists of what 3 structures?

Answer 14

Choroid

Ciliary Body

Iris

Question 15

Which of the following structures of the vascular coat is responsible for secreting aqueous humor, as well as forming and anchoring zonular fibers?

A. Choroid

B. Ciliary Muscle

C. Ciliary Processes

D. Iris

Answer 15

Ciliary Processes

Question 16

Which of the following structures of the vascular coat is has an inner vascular layer and Bruch’s Membrane?

A. Choroid

B. Ciliary Muscle

C. Ciliary Processes

D. Iris

Answer 16

Choroid

Question 17

Look at this

Answer 17

Nice

Question 18

The lens is a transparent, avascular, biconcaved structure that is suspended by zonular fibers. It is comprised of the following three components.

Capsule

Subscapsular

Lens Fibers

Answer 18

LC= Lems Capsule (basal lamina)

LE: Subscapsular Epithelium

MLF: Mature LEns fibers

• lens fibers are filled with crystallins and lose all organelles

Question 19

Rays from a distant object are focused on the retina when we ______ the lens, and we do this by _______ the ciliary muscle causing the zzonular ligaments to _______.

Answer 19

Rays from a distant object are focused on the retina when we flattened the lens, and we do this by relax the ciliary muscle causing the zonular ligaments to tighten.

Relaxed Ciliary muscles, cause tight zonular fibers, and flatten the lens

RTF

Question 20

What layer of the retina contains photosensory cells?

Answer 20

Neural Retina Layer

Question 21

What layer of the retina is responsible for isomerizing all-trans retinal to 11-cis retinal, and transporting bacl to photoreceptors?

Answer 21

Retinal Pigmented layer

Question 22

What is considered the “blind spot” of the eye? Why is it considered the blind spot?

Answer 22

Optic disk is the blind spot

The optic disc is where the axons from the ganglion layer converge on the optic nerve and exit the eye, in this space there are no photoreceptors causing the “blind spot”

Question 23

What layer of the retina contains processes of interconnecting ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells?

Answer 23

Inner Plexiform Layer

Question 24

What layer of the retina contains cell bodies of photoreceptor cells?

What layer of the retina contains cell bodies of non-photoreceptor cells?

Answer 24

Outer nuclear layer

Inner nuclear Layer

“no photos inside”

Question 25

T/F: The Outer plexiform layer contains process of photoreceptors and non photorecprtors cells connecting them

Answer 25

True GO TO PURPOSE GAMES

Question 26

Appreciate this

Answer 26

I appreciate that

Question 27

What are the visual pigments found in the rods? What are the visual pigments found in the cones?

Answer 27

**Rods**: **Rhod**opsin Cones: Iodopsin *"you put **I**ce cream in cones"*

Question 28

What is the name of the portion of the eye that has the highest concentration of cones? What is absent at this structure?

Answer 28

Fovea Centralis Absent: Vessels, cell bodies and axons of ganglionic cells, inner nuclear layer

Question 29

Axons of ganglion cells and higher order cells that the ganglion cells synapse on, form the visual pathway and relay the information to the primary visual cortex (V1) via what structure?

Answer 29

Thalamus

Question 30

The optic disc is _____ to the macula A. Deep B. Inferior C. LAteral D. Medial

Answer 30

Medial

Question 31

Visual fields are subdivided into binocular and monocular zone. What is the binocular and monocular zone?

Answer 31

Binocular zone: broad central region seen by both eyes Monocular: Zone seen by the corresponding eye

Question 32

The Retinal fields are the location on the retina that an object in the visual field is projected to. Explain how the retinal fields are divided

Answer 32

Temporal and nasal hemifields Superior and Inferior Quadrants

Question 33

Nasal half of each retina goes ______ in the optic tract, and the Temporal Half of each retina foes to the _________ optic tract.

Answer 33

Nasal half of each retina goes **Contralateral** in the optic tract, and the Temporal Half of each retina foes to the **Ipsilateral** optic tract. **CN IT**

Question 34

Axons in the nasal and temporal retina terminate onto what structure?

Answer 34

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus

Question 35

Damage to the Temporal lobe can damage what portion of the visual field? What loop is damaged?

Answer 35

Superior Portion Meyer's loop

Question 36

Lesion 1 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 36

Monocular blindness total loss of vision in the right eye

Question 37

Lesion 2 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 37

Bitemporal Hemianopia

Question 38

Lesion 3 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 38

Right Nasal Hemianopia

Question 39

Lesion 4 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 39

Left homonymous hemianopia

Question 40

Lesion 5 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 40

Left Inferior Quadrantanopia

Question 41

Lesion 6 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 41

Left Superior Quadrantanopia

Question 42

Lesion 7 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 42

Left Homonymous Hemianopia

Question 43

Lesion 8 produces what type of deficit. Draw it out and name it

Answer 43

Left Homonymous Hemianopia with macular sparing